Bvs Supply Chain Management Case

Nicolas Maalouf ID 120265 International outgrowth and grant concatenation management ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Strengths ? BVS has assured its relative independence from its incarnate ? parent in the US number 2 in its field. ? The hiring exploit focaliseed on scientists, and junior ? management. Aggressive investment in query Strong and innovative ? R&D Department. ? Intensive growth in veritable gross revenue and projected sales ? Dynamic, entrepreneurial, and ambitious head of buy department and amaze an international experience. High-tech machinery, BVS most advanced on the mart.? BVS sustain good sexual relations with their supplier. ? ? Opportunities ? Forceful investments in the pharmaceutical industry, ? tremendous enlargement in R&D investments. ? A booming forecasts of a total market Critical product, Large Demand & hold in supply (Banque de Geneve). ? New supplier WildGrass NJ having advantages in flexibility in outlay and supply. ? Young human capital quite a little add value to the animated management. ?As a part of big Pharmaceutical Corporation, BVS have to verify an important profitability margin and an increasing drift of sales to range up the market trend since they expect a prevalent conduct on a overcritical product they compete to produce in shorter time. The in-house situation the situation within BVS Weaknesses Profitability was decreasing as sales growth. Delay on the production schedule. Independent management from the parent organic law in the US. Purchasing department had limited signature power. Centralized decision making (CEO) time Cost. Divergence and inefficient coordination amid Departments. Mediocre constituent of purchasing department (low image). Depending on limited suppliers (duopoly LCSD and BCC). Weak presence on the US market. Threats Marbelpharm one year ahead of BVS. Limited material resources (Natural ingredients & limited suppliers). LCSD and their main competitor, B CC never compete against each new(prenominal) on scathe High profit margin for suppliers. Currently one supplier can provide necessary materials to all competitors. The market was dominated by a handful of companies. The outer surroundings the situation outside BVS Risks and Opportunities The field enlightens a main problem directly related to the process of manufacturing of new critical product some delays in R&D schedule overdue to the difficulties of supplying some key ingredients. That cut in supply chemical kitchen stove can generate an immense disorder in expected figures and then the interruption can enlarge the valley between BVS and competitors oddly Marbelpharm.In addition, stern risk can be in attendance if Wildgras may not satisfy BVS demand in the coming years or if the market cant supply chemical materials necessary for production. In other hand, independency of BVS division is menaced and the Mother Corporation can take authorization of its management in order to adjust traditional management and contest with the situation in an American climb up to hold back and soundness departments confrontation and accelerate the chain enrolment.If the new strategy helps for building-up the company, in that case BVS can catch the booming market and the new cooperation with WildGrass NJ go away generate a new era of prosperity and BIOLOGICAL vaccinum SCIENCE BVS Michel Philippart 2012 International operation and supply chain management MIB 32 may work together on two new vaccines that mitigate BVS sales using young managers and researchers that can drive innovations safely from suppliers to clienteles in that way reputation of the purchasing department get better that may help BVS to enter the us market.The following list presents ideas that can be subject of discussion in sequence to determine and shrink current corporate risk presented on the case Maintain an excellent relation with the duopoly LCSD and BCC chemical distributors BVS s hould keep dealing and as well invest into WildGrass NJ in order to help them to be sufficient in their production, in that way they can supply BVS as expected in humble cost. Work with the source manufacturer of chemical materials and maybe invest with him in their own line of needs. Decentralize decision making into departments each of beseech will report to the allocated manager. Connections between WildGrass NJ and BVS should be combined into undivided responsible Sara should be dedicated also to link the R&D department to purchasing department. Clarify the required tasks of each department In order to make supply chain more efficient, in that approach we can encourage regular meetings between heads of department. Data Sharing between R&D and purchasing department can ensure a certain level of readiness and speediness concerning ordering needed materials. Create a new IT-software that can manage internal information interconnected between R&D and Purchasing department in order to resurrect the efficiency of supply chain. Seek for new resources that can supply capableness investments Hiring new managers freshly graduated from purchasing schools, and trusted them as Sarah Managing suppliers at BVSx Successful supplier management necessitate finding consistent and competitively priced suppliers is a must to the achievement of business however our initial focus cant be on the consummate price especially because we are operating in pharmacology sector where quality and fade time are the main components of the purchase agreement.On the other hand in the longer term, strong relationships with biggest distributors and manufacturers with a collaborative approach (as co-investment an partnership) can have better impact on the overall success the supply chain management. In that approach we can focus on what we can do for suppliers rather than on what they can do to lower costs and to go to bed us needed materials as expected on time . An accurate and he althy partnership can be build-up in favour of some(prenominal) parties.BVS ought to implement emergency strategy so that disruptive events can be managed smoothly as shortage in materials or lack in supply. Finally internal meetings between the top management should focus on several critical issues as seeking new areas for supplier onward motion and discuss on how the corporation can improve relationships and ameliorate relations between departments in order to haste a healthier chain of production. BIOLOGICAL VACCINE SCIENCE BVS Michel Philippart 2012

Fandom in Popular Culture Essay

Everyone is a devotee of something. Whether its a sports team, celebrity, or tv set show there is at least one thing that a someone enjoys to pauseake in, talk about, etc. Yet when does becoming as well much of a caramel or a fanatic contract a problem? This question raises concern because recently umteen assorted fan bases or fandoms of certain movies, books, etc. have been criticized over the fail decades due to their extreme dedication and obsession. Some people think that these fan bases and their support historystyles are wheezing, that these fanatics recognise to avoid reality and instead dedicate their life to something that does non return anything rewarding or fur-bearing to society.Trekkies attending conventions and disbursal money on elaborate costumes, desolate monkey fans training up like the characters to attend a movie premiere, internet bloggers spending cartridge holder writing fan fiction online for hours are alone these forms of fandom drop sical? In my personal opinion, I do non believe so. When it comes down to it, apiece fandom has a like ground base that it human bodys off of, it also promotes a sense of identity and camaraderie, its a form of enjoyment that encourages rapture and optimism precisely also is an institution that is exploited by the media.Each fandom seems completely different from each other. I know many Harry Potter fans who despise anyone who likes Twilight, thinking that their fan base is so much skipper and vice versa. In reality though, each fandom has the same concept to build off of that creates such a huge fan base. This concept is evasion or rather that fandom is distraction from real life and its hardships (Reilly). An theoretical account would include myself in that I would much rather choose to read Harry Potter than instead, for instance, write this paper. The same goes for my roommate who chose to watch the Walking suddenly instead of doing her homework. In those moments we temporarily escaped our problems and challenges in real life and instead immersed ourselves into another reality that was much more enjoyable.Would that be considered unhealthy? I think not the problem was not me creation a fan of Harry Potter but instead self-control, which differs with each person individually. Thats why we pecknot generalize all fanatics of something as being unhealthy because although they choose to incorporate many aspects of their fandom into everyday life, there are many instances when they can productive instead of idle. This includes a dentist from the movie Trekkies that created a dentist office that completely revolves around the television show wiz Trek. The dentist/fanatic gets to be immersed in Star Trek all day long at his job, but is actually being productive in society. With that, any direction a fan base goes, it is a form of escapism from real life but is not necessarily detrimental to a fanatics well being. bufferdom also creates a sense of camaraderie and identity to those who partake in it. By identifying yourself as a fan, you become apart of a union who share similar interests (Jacobson). An example includes my stepfather who is Redskins football fan. He and his friends bond over their love for the team, but are also a part of a huge fraternity who share this love. The best part is that the Redskins fandom al born(p) depressions the fans to be a part of the farinaceous without having any football skills at all and it has a very low cost to participate. With this comes a sense of belongingness and camaraderie that you are a part of something bigger than yourself. This can be very beneficial to the fans and can be applied to every fandom. This sense of community and identity helps with self-esteem and painting (Jacobson), which, in my opinion, should not be considered unhealthy.In its most primary form, being a fan of something just makes people happy. The reason why I love reading the Harry Potter books repea tedly or why a Trekkie will attend many conventions is because doing it makes us happy it does not make us obsessive, crazy fanatics. According to the mood management theory, individuals want out media content that they expect to improve their mood (Burns). Millions of people do not become fanatics of something purely for the enjoyment of it but rather because it has a positive effect on their mood. This explains many fanatic behaviors, like fan fiction for instance. This is when a fan will write their own discrepancy of the story, movie, video game etc. that caters to their own desires. They do this because it makes them happy and makes them nip apart of the fandom community.On the other hand, there are many instances where fandom or fanaticism can be taken to the extreme. There are numerous stories of when fans at football games break out into a violent riot, or when a fan physically harms others or themselves to attract attention to themselves an example including Mark Davi d Chapman, a Beatles fan, murdering washbasin Lennon. But is it really their fanaticism to be blamed? This question should be asked due to the fact that many aspects can influence a persons decisions, one being their mental stability.Being a fanatic did not make Chapman a receiver it was that he was mentally ill. A more important aspect is that check to a concept called entertainment theory, we as audience members do not question the content we consume because we are just doing what feels goodits only entertainment (Burns). Yet in reality we the audience that consumes the media are not aware of the content that we are looking at. If Chapman had not been exposed to John Lennons life being broadcasted through the media he may not have taken his fanaticism to the extreme level. Fanaticism should not be considered unhealthy since the media that we consume contributes or rather enhances fanaticism to an unhealthy level.the likes of I said before, we are all fans of something. Whether or not we choose to take our passion for that something to a fanatic level depends on many factors. Psychologically we indulge in our fandom because it makes us happy. The feeling of intimacy and community is a basic human need that fandom provides through online blogging and fan fiction, dressing up like someone were not, conventions, etc.Also the elbow room that the media broadcasts and streams pop culture to the general public is something to consider when criticizing fanatics. Finally, each fandom, although versatile in its own way, has the same ideal at its root in that people become fans because it provides an escape into another reality that does not our problems and hardships to deal with. Overall, fanaticism should not be considered unhealthy because it is a natural psychological instinct as well as a basic institution has been heightened by the media.Works CitedBurns. Harry Potter = Craze Fan?. Media Influence Spring 09. Blogspot, 16 2009. Web. Web. 9 Dec. 2012.

Identify the differences between Unitary, Confederal and Federal systems of government

A administration is usually the central commencement of power in any country. There argon different types of political sympathies with the main ones being unitary, federal and confederal. Each one of these giving medications has a remarkable of governing which is distinct making it different from others (Isawa. 1994).Unitary organisation is a knead of disposal where power is centralized and the local authorities are in charge of all functions of the local government activity. In most cases unitary government governs cities or states that are big enough to operate independently (Isawa. 1994).Confederal government is where power is diffused and the regional governments have powers to come up with policies. individually state has its own way of operating although there may be a common currency to make trading between the states easier (Isawa. 1994).Federal government is where power is centered on one organ. Every state is governed by one government which is the federal gover nment. It is the supreme center of power. A perfect example is that of the United States of America (Isawa. 1994).Define and give one example for each of the four policy areas Distribution, Extraction, Regulation and Symbolic Output. Be clear in your definitionsThe policy of distribution refers to the manner in which governments run across equitable distribution of resource in all areas with start favoritism or discrimination. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that resources are distributed equally.When a government is in power it represents the occupy of all people in the country. It is therefore the responsibility of the government to ensure that every citizen in the county has access to the resources available in the county without discrimination or favoritism (Isawa. 1994).The policy of extraction gets the manner in which natural minerals are mined. In many countries, natural minerals tend to be exploited by those at whom the minerals at their disposal. F or this reason, governments of various countries come up with extraction measures that regulate the manner in which the minerals are to be extracted. This is to ensure that the extraction is non overdone, thus causing harm to the environment.Minerals play a key usage in promoting the economy of a country. This is because minerals are not common and one time mined they are exported thus bringing great income to the country. Some citizens may want to take over the extraction process at the write down of the rest of the citizens (Isawa. 1994).The policy of regulation refers to the manner in which the government regulates the behavior of its citizens. This is mainly done through law enforcement agencies and it is meant to ensure that citizens abide by the laws that are set out by the government.A country that is unruly and bare-knuckled has higher chances of low development and growth. It is for this reason that the government controls the manner in which its citizens behave (Isaw a. 1994).They control the manner in which they move, they communicate and they carry out their daily activities. All these activities contribute to a successful government and a successful country. They are all part and puzzle of every government regardless of the system of government.ReferencesJohn, Isawa. (1994). Systems of government National Council on Intergovernmental Relations. New York SAGE.

Market Concept Essay

Article from Karl Moore Karl Moore is PHd associate professor in the Faculty of trouble at McGill University was responsible for writing the oblige The Marketing Concept- RIP which was promulgated July 17th, 2006. He discusses the decline and the increasing irrelevance of the marketing belief caprice and how firms argon adapting this dodge in todays market. Moore emphasis on the following points 1. Importance of market research before inst wholeing a ingathering 2. The need to center on the intersection points use by the end users 3. The difficulty firms face to implement the marketing sentiment strategy in todays market place.The author uses the physical exertion of the high-technical school sector and explains why he feels the marketing pattern use in this flair is no longer relevant, then goes into detail closely how it is not just limited to the high-tech sector. To understand Moores condition you need to understand what marketing and the marketing impression it prototypal. Marketing consists of respective(prenominal) and organizational activities that facilitate and expedite run intoing swop relationships in a dynamic environment through the creation, distribution, promotion and pricing of goods, services and ideas.The principal(prenominal) principles of marketing atomic number 18 to meet guests, target the right client, facilitate exchange relationships, stay forward of competitors and enhance profitability (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). The ultimate goal is to satisfy targeted nodes, seeking their loyalty and consumption. The marketing concept jackpot be specify as the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 17).In his opening paragraph Moore mentions that the marketing concept is coming to a close and heading towards a semi-retirement. I power amply dis couple w ith this pedagogy. Why? Since the marketing concept era many a(prenominal) companies are now transitioning to the market orientation era (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 17). The focus of the market orientation era is mainly on continuously collecting education or so customer needs and competitors capabilities and to use this information to create value, ensure customer satisfaction and develop customer relationships (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). Let us look at how Netflix took the Marketing concept in stride. Netflix involved the identification of the unmet or underserved customer needs. Reed battle of battle of Hastings, founder and creator of Netflix started off as a delineation renting customer himself, tired of paying late fees and having to run to the characterization store when he wanted to watch a movie, he headstrong to create something simpler and more convenient for customers (Dean. 2010). He was able to draw upon private experience to help establish the opportunity nucleus and survey what some other customers wanted out of a video store.The movie rental application had already established methods surrounding video rental, late return policies, and social rank rules. Hastings believed that without competition, these brick-and-mortar movie rental companies would never have a causal agent to change (Dean. 2010). Reed Hastings, decided to disrupt the traditional video rental business by introducing a newborn twist on the home base movie service (Dean. 2010). A perfect example of advances in technology, edition of DVD media over VHS, and an unmet consumer demand is responsible for the successful launch of Hastings vision of Netflix.Not unlike other innovative start-up companies, Netflix has underg unitary several strategy shifts (Dean. 2010). Each change in focus or direction has secure that the company clay dominate in the movie rental industry. It appears that Hastings has followed the Marketing Concept to a tee, he started off with collection information from customer needs (his own) and the competitors capabilities (video rental companies were not in a coif to change their rules and regulations) and he completed the circle by using customer knowledge to create customer satisfaction as Netflix still remains more popular than Blockbuster or Rogers Video.Moore goes into more detail just about the high tech industry, giving the example of the Sony walkman and how the point of intersection was developed. He alike explains that if Sony followed the Marketing concept theory in creating the walkman, it would have failed. He follows this chronicle of the Sony walkman with the comment with many high tech products you hind endnot get a very(prenominal) reliable data from current customers about the potential uses of your future products. This statement is by far the most ludicrous statement thru out the consummate article and makes absolutely no sense.The vast majority of high tech industries rely solely on how customers perceive new and future products. tonus at the apple IPods. Apple made sure they always stayed ahead of the game by cathartic new hardware, software, or better and newer applications for the iPod (Taber. 2007). slew love new and flashy products so this was a great way to sell a product. The iPod has become a fashion accessory and a must have. People salivate if there hear a new and more updated version of the iPod is coming out, they want a product that can hold more music and data.Why would they want a dinosaur iPod that solely holds 1000 songs when they can get an iPod that holds 2000, takes videos, and has downloadable apps? In this sense, the iPod marketing concept strategy made sense because it pursuant(predicate)ly advanced Apples uphill goal of making the Mac the hub of a digital lifestyle (Taber. 2007). It too aligned with the companys strategic goal of frequently releasing innovative new products in an effort to stay ahead of a curve of consumers who quickly get tired of old gadgets.As usual, it was a strategy that leveraged the benefits of existing technology, and it made sense from the point of view that it was consistent with what historically drove the company, is bringing products to people that were stylish and easy to use. So if Apple didnt use the marketing concept strategy, it would have failed. The one paragraph in Moores article that I do agree with is when he mentions that a great deal of high tech industries do spend more time launching a new product then developing the product.Models of new product development prescribe fine stages that organizations should go through to have a successful product launch (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271). Regardless of the model, critical phases include product idea generation, idea screening, concept testing, and business analysis, marketing mix development, test marketing and commercialization (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271).In theory, going through these stages systematically helps organizations weed out the potential failures. customer focus is an integral component of the product development process that is much ignored. The need to incorporate the voice of the customer (adopt the marketing concept) at each phase is imbedded in these models of new product development, each phase alter additional knowledge as to what customers want (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 263-264). Yet concept testing and test marketing are most often overlooked y new product development teams as they rush to get their product to market before the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 259-260). Unfortunately, this can lead to fatal errors when customer expectations are extremely high or when dealing with a school customer as is the case for high tech products. An example of this was the Apple Newton Apple pre-announced the Newton before it was ready. In terms of the product o ffering, it was neither a complete product nor a fully available product (Hormby. 006). In the hurry to get to the market, Apple had not fully developed the handwriting recognition software, one of the featured attributes (Hormby. 2006). While innovators and premature adopters are willing to take risks on new products, they do expect a minimal level of performance which the Apple Newton could not deliver. Moore also makes a valid statement in his end paragraph with respect for non-tech marketers have to know who their key customers will be and how the marketers should focus their research efforts.Customer focus, a core element of the marketing concept, is sure a widely adopted buzzword today, one which is stressed in all introductory marketing texts. While the marketing concept applies to all industries, it is particularly important in technologically driven industries that have been among the first to introduce quality techniques, many of which begin with capturing the voice of the customer. (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 259). pure tone at how Apple launched its iPod back in 2001 to appeal to customers.When you watch the iPod commercials on television what did you see? You see a bunch of people bounce on a colored background. There are women and men, but you fathert know anything else about them. This advertisement is ingenious for many reasons. For one, you adoptt know where these people are. They could be anywhere in the world. Secondly, you bustt know who they are or what they do for a living. They can be anyone. All you know is that they are enjoying the music and rocking out. This is what makes that commercial so great and such an excellent idea.It allows anyone in the world to be that person. In conclusion, Moore is correct in his assumption that many high tech industries are in a rush to release their product before rattling developing their product. However, it is very unrealistic of him to state that if companies follow the ma rketing concept they would be doomed to fail, he needs to look at many of the successes of the high tech market such as the Apple iPod or Netflix and how many non-tech industries can learn from Apples/Netflix marketing strategy.Although this article was written back in 2006, many advances of technology have taken place and its foolish to think that the marketing concept had nobody to do with this advancement. Refernces Crane, F. G. , Kerin, R. A. , Hartley, S. W. & Rudelius W. (2008). Marketing. (7th Canadian ed. ). Toronto, ON McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Taber, David. (17 Sept. 2007 ). The Taber Report on IPod Marketing. The Taber Report. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from http//www. taberconsulting. com/download/dtr-35. htm. Weisbein, Jeff. 1 March. 2008). The iPod Success Thank the Marketing Department. Retrieved May 5, 2011, from http//www. besttechie. net/2008/03/01/the-ipod-success-thank-the-marketing-department/. Hormby, Tom. (7 Feb. 2006). The yarn Behind Apples Newton. Retrieved A pril 25th, 2011 from http//lowendmac. com/orchard/06/john-sculley-newton-origin. html. Dean, Gregory. (10 Nov. 2010). Netflix An Online Business beyond Genius. Retrieved May 15, 2011 from http//marketography. com/2010/11/10/online-business-beyond-genius/.

Comparison of Healthcare Policies between France and the US

IntroductionThis essay aims to critic everyy discuss amicable policies on wellnesscargon between France and the US. Similarities and differences on the sociable policies of these two countries will be discussed. The first part of this essay aims to search how state-supported funding for wellnessc atomic number 18 function in twain countries maneuver wellness inequalities. A critical discussion on wellnesscargon go available in both countries and the extent to which linguistic universal attack to health like service is practiced sh every likewise be made. The second part presents the challenges that both countries face in addressing health tending abridges. health foreboding policies that address these issues will as well be critically appraised. The third part provides an analysis on whether France and the States are converging or fol baseborning agency dependence on their health care policies. A brief conclusion summarising key points raised in this essay will be presented in the end.wellnesscare Services and habitual Spending for health careThe health care system in France is described as a mix of usual soldier and earth insurers and providers (Cases, 2006). This means that al or so the alone population is even off by public indemnification, which in turn are funded by employers and employees. In addition to public health insurance, a nonage excessively purchases private insurance to complement existing public health insurances. Private providers support outpatient care patch public providers provide yard bird care in hospital tick offtings (Cases, 2006). France enjoys relatively good health compared to the US. The arrangement for Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2013) health Statistics in 2013 reveals that liveliness apprehension in France is graduate(prenominal) school at 82.2 and is presently ranked third amongst OECD countries. In contrast, life expectancy in the US is amongst the lowest at 78.7 (OECD, 201 3).The difference in life expectancy in both countries is a cause of concern since the US has one of the most expensive health care systems in the OECD and til now fares worse in health outcomes, including life expectancy(Baldock, 2011). The OECD (2013) notes that compared to France and other large OECD countries, the US spends double as much per individual on health care. Interestingly, public health expense for health is highest in the US compared to all OECD countries. However, it does not practice universal health care reporting with the public supporting sole(prenominal) 32% of the thorough health care speak to (OECD, 2011). Individuals eligible for Medicaid include the elderly, families with small children and those with disabilities (Rosenbaum, 2011). Approximately 53% of the US population is cover through the Patient Protection and inexpensive Act or Obamacare (Rosenbaum, 2011). Under this Act, employers are required to purchase health insurances for their employ ees. Only a small portion of businesses accepts for full insurance coverage with major(ip)ity requiring their employees to share in the comprise of their health insurances (Rosenbaum, 2011).The OECD (2009a) states that 46 million muckle in the US are left without public or private health insurance. This could place a significant burden to the US health care system that is struggling in providing equitable access to healthcare serve in the country. The World Health Organization (2014) explains that equitable access is achieved when individuals, careless(predicate) of their socio sparing emplacement, enjoy the same type and quality of healthcare. This is not achieved in the US where statistics (OECD, 2009a) bear ons to show that high-income radicals enjoy better health and appropriately covered by healthcare insurances while those in the lower socioeconomic post continue to know poorer health consideration. This disparity in health status and healthcare insurance covera ge continues to be a challenge in the US.Public disbursement per capita in the US continues to be the highest in the OECD countries counterbalance with the amplificationd participation of the private sector in financing healthcare in the country (OECD, 2013). In recent days, the OECD (2013) observes that public spending crosswise OECD countries continue to decline. On average, healthcare spending of these countries besides grew by 0.2% in the last 4 years. While thither is a variation on the decrease of public spending, the major reason for the slowd sustain is ascribable to drastic cuts in health expenses. In France, the Statutory Health indemnification (SHI) currently covers almost all residents. Until 2000, SHI covered 100% of all residents (Franc and Polton, 2006).Today, almost all of the residents are hitherto covered under SHI. However, a a couple of(prenominal) defecate purchased private health insurances to complement SHI. Public spending for healthcare is 77.9% w hile France spends 11.9% of its GDP in healthcare (OECD, 2011). This is in contrast with the US where public spending for healthcare accounts to solitary(prenominal) 47.7% but spends 17.9% of its GDP on healthcare (OECD, 2011). Interestingly, SHI covers both legal and illegal residents in France. This is opposite in the US where illegal residents are not covered by publicly funded healthcare insurance. There are approximately 21 million immigrants in the US with most having an illegal resident status (Moody, 2011). Health coverage remains to be a concern for this group since they work on jobs that pay very low wages and with no healthcare coverage. Hence, this group is terce times more than likely to have no healthcare coverage (Stanton, 2006). Currently, this group comprises 20% of the total uninsured population in the US (Moody, 2011). The lack of universal coverage in the US suggests that healthcare policies in the US may not be inclusive as foreign to France where almost al l residents have private or public health insurance coverage.Rosenbaum (2011) explains that the Patient Protection and Affordable Act or Obamacare is pass judgment to boost healthcare coverage for legal immigrants who are in low paying jobs. However, only legal immigrants who have been in the US for at least five years could qualify for Medicaid or purchase state-based health insurances. Currently, all states in the US have expanded Medicaid coverage to low-income groups. Specifically, a family of four with a combined annual income of $33,000.00 and an individual with $15,800.00 yearly income are now eligible for Medicaid. This legislation provides health coverage to approximately 57% of the uninsured population in the US (CDC, 2011). For legal immigrants who have not r for each oneed five years of stay in the US or are earning more than the Medicaid limit are allowed federal subsidy when purchasing state-based health insurances (CDC, 2011).As opposed to France where illegal immigr ants enjoy the same healthcare coverage as legal immigrants and citizens, those in the US on illegal status remain uninsured and could not purchase state-based health insurances (CDC, 2011). Healthcare access for this group is limited to community health centres across the country. It is far-famed that only 8,500 community health centres are in existence today and yet they cater to at least 22 million people each year (CDC, 2011). well-nigh half of those who access primary health centres are the uninsured. While hospitals are required by law to provide tweak care for all individuals regardless of their resident status, those who are uninsured do not have health coverage to sustain their long-term healthcare needs (Rosenbaum, 2011). Current healthcare policies in the US might truly promote health inequality since it only provides primary basic healthcare serve (CDC, 2011) to the marginalised group, which may include low-income and ethnic groups.In France, The Bismarckian advent to healthcare has been used for several decades but in recent years, there is now an adoption of the Beveridge approach (Chevreul et al., 2010). In the former, health coverage tends to be uniform and concentrated while in the latter, the single public remunerator model is promoted. In the Bismarckian approach, everyone should be given the same access to healthcare services while the Beveridge model allows for stronger state intervention (Chevreul et al., 2010). This withal suggests that tax-based revenues are used to finance healthcare. The mix of both models is necessary to act to the change magnitude haves for healthcare in the country and to regulate the change magnitude apostrophize of healthcare. Chevreul et al. (2010) emphasise that the SHI is now experiencing deficit due to increasing rise of healthcare expenditure in the country.The french parliament, through the Ministry of Health regulates expenditure by enacting laws and regulations. Importantly, France regulates prices of specific health check procedures and drugs (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009). This development is crucial since failure to regulate prices could go on drive up healthcare be. However, regulation of prices of medical devices remains to be poor. In a survey (OECD, 2009b), expenditures for medical devices is high and amounts to 19 one million million million annually. Although it comprises 55% of the pharmaceutical market, increased demand for medical devices have similarly increased SHI expenditures on these devices (Cases and Le Fur, 2008). It should be state that only 60% of the medical devices are covered by SHI (Cases and Le Fur, 2008). Regulation of the prices of these medical devices is not as strong as the market for drugs and other major medical equipment. This implies that increasing healthcare costs of medical devices could have an uphold on public health spending policies in France.Healthcare Issues and Challenges atomic number 53 of the major issues in b oth countries is the rising healthcare expenditure. As noted by the OECD (2013), there is a disparity between healthcare expenditure and rising healthcare costs in OECD countries. The average increase in healthcare expenditure only amounts to 0.2% and yet healthcare cost continues to rise. In France, this disparity has promoted the Ministry of Health to increase private insurance of its members to help cover healthcare services not normally covered by the SHI. In the US, the debate on Obamacare and the reluctance of the government to cover illegal residents continue to be a challenge in providing equitable healthcareMeanwhile, high costs of medicines could have an collision on healthcare, especially amongst those who are covered by Medicaid and those who could barely afford state-subsidised healthcare insurances (Moody, 2011). This is in contrast to France where cost containment is in place for medicines. To decorate the lack of healthcare costs regulations, the US spends more on developing medical technologies, which only benefits a few of the patients. The country is also burdened with high administration and pharmaceutical costs. Doctors in the country are also amongst the highest paid in the OECD countries (Greve, 2013). Moody (2011) argues that cost containment remains to be a problem since lowering down prices of medicines or healthcare costs for beneficiaries of Medicaid would lead to determines reluctance to treat Medicaid patients.The lack of priorities in healthcare spending in the US has resulted in higher spending on certain arenas and low spending on others. However, this does not transmute to better health outcomes for the whole population. Elderly care is one area where there is high spending but the amount of spending does not necessarily translate to better health outcomes. As noted by Haplin et al. (2010), the elderly are more vulnerable to degenerative healthcare conditions, such(prenominal) as dementia, cardiovascular maladys, type 2 diabetes. Hence, healthcare costs for this group are relatively higher compared to other members in a community. In a report published by Stanton (2006), approximately 40% of US healthcare expenditure is devoted to elderly care, but this group only comprises 13% of countrys population. It is projected that in the succeeding years, healthcare cost for this group will continue to rise with the ageing of the US population (Stanton, 2006).The same issue is also seen in France, where increasing healthcare cost for the elderly is also expected in the succeeding years (Franc and Polton, 2006). Both countries also lack coordination of care and gatekeeping for the elderly. Although there is an emphasis on elderly care in both countries, lack of continuity of care often leads to poor quality care, duplication of healthcare, waste and over-prescription (Franc and Polton, 2006 Evans and Docteur and Oxley, 2003 Stoddard, 2003). In France, this issue was first addressed through the creation of p rovider networks and increasing the gate-keeping roles of the ordinary practitioners (GPs). However, the latter was largely unsuccessfully and finally abolished with the introduction of the 2004 Health Insurance Act (Franc and Polton, 2006). In this new legislation, patients have the freedom to acquire their own healthcare providers or primary point of achieve. Most of the primary points of contact are GPs. This scheme is successful in France due to incentives offered to the patients and GPs. This scheme has been suggested to remediate the quality of care received by the patients since there is more coordination of care between GPs and specialists (Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009). This scheme also drives up the cost of visits to specialists and could have regularize healthcare financing policies (De Looper and La Fortune, 2009 Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009).Another issue common land to both countries is the competition between hospitals for patients who can afford private healthcar e. Consumer demands for healthcare in the US have increased. hospitals respond by increasing their services to separate them from their competitors (Moody, 2011). For instance, by-products of this competition results to increasing the size of the patient rooms and providing in-house services such as full kitchens, family lounges and business service. All these have not been related to improved health outcomes of the patients. In France, the differences in healthcare costs between publicly funded hospitals and private for-profit hospitals spark a debate on whether common tariffs are the solution to cost containment (Chevreul et al., 2010). Despite the death penalty of common tariffs, there is still a growing difference on the healthcare costs between the private and public sectors. Currently, the tidy up plan Hospital 2007 (Chevreul et al., 2010) states that the objective of introducing a common tariff for public and private hospitals has been withheld until 2018. This shows that healthcare policies respond to current cuts in health provision in France. convergency and Path DependenceStarke et al. (2008) explain that history and institutional context all play a role in influencing healthcare policies in a welfare state. Healthcare policies that tend to be resistant to change illustrate institutionalist or path dependence.In the event where changes are needed, those that go on path dependence change their policies but do so within the boundaries set in the original healthcare policies. On the other hand, healthcare policies that follow the convergence pathway or functionalist perspective tend to integrate exceed practices and are more antiphonary to social, political and economic changes.Healthcare policies in France and the US tend to follow the convergence pathway. The historical context of France reveals that a unitary presidential democracy was established in 1958 (Cases, 2006). In this system, the fundamental government retains sovereignty and polici es implemented in local or regional levels are approved by the important government. Despite the practice of central dirigisme, many regions in France have practiced coordination and decenstralisation. blandal parties elected to the French government all have a common goal in financing the healthcare system in France. It practices cost-containment by regulating healthcare costs, reducing healthcare demands and restricting healthcare coverage (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009). All these cost-containment policies have generally been met with public discontent. In recent years, the introduction of Supplementary Health Insurance enabled the French government to still deliver quality care at reasonable cost. Further, the introduction of direct payment, although reimbursable, also discourages wasteful breathing in of healthcare (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009).Although changes in healthcare policies tend to be restrictive more than three decades ago, France is now taking the conve rgence pathway in its healthcare system. This suggests that healthcare policies are more responsive to social and economic changes. France also regards its people as equal but retain their freedom to choose a healthcare provider and hospital. The manner of healthcare financing in France allows service users to choose from competing healthcare professionals. Service users could also access specialists due to little gatekeeping in the country (Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009). All these changes in the Frances healthcare system reflect convergence alternatively than path dependence. converging in healthcare is also shown in both countries through its policies on increasing personal contributions of service users for healthcare (Mossialos and Thomson, 2004). There is also an increasing reliance on private health insurers to bridge the gap in public healthcare delivery. The increasing public-private mix exemplifies convergence. There is also a trend towards community healthcare and decentra lisation of healthcare (Baldock, 2011 Chevreul et al., 2010 Blank and Burau, 2007). This trend relies on community healthcare practitioners to provide care in kinsperson or community settings. This has been practiced in other developed countries where patients with chronic conditions receive care in their own homes (Chevreau et al., 2010). This approach is also use when caring for the elderly. Similar to other Welfare states, the US and France are experiencing population ageing. The proportion of the elderly in both countries is expected to rise in the succeeding years (Chevreau et al., 2010). As mentioned earlier, this translates to increases in health expenditures and cost for this group. pronounced increases in health expenditures for this group would mean advance reduction on public spending or cost containment. All these could have an impact on public spending in the future and might increase insurance premiums of individuals.There is also the possibility of raising SHI contr ibutions in France or reducing healthcare coverage of Medicaid in the US. Both strategies could fuel public discontent, increase the gap between the rich and the poor and promote health inequalities (OECD, 2008 Starke et al., 2008 Stanton, 2006). Since the main aim of the policies in both countries is to achieve optimal health for all, the realisation of this aim might be compromised with an ageing society. It is also noteworthy that since public funds are bankrolled by taxes, increasing number of elderly could mean reduction in number of employees who are economically productive. This could also lead to lower tax collections and decreased public funding for healthcare. As shown in both countries, healthcare policies are becoming more responsive to the social and economic changes. This does not only suggest a precaution towards convergence but suggests that this pathway could be the norm for many OECD countries. expirationHealthcare policies in the US and France have been influence d by social and economic changes in recent years. Although both aim to achieve universal coverage, it is only France that has achieved this with almost 100% of its citizens covered with healthcare insurance. The US is struggling to contact the healthcare needs of its citizens with almost 46 million still uninsured. Its Obamacare is still met with criticism for its failure to provide public healthcare coverage for most of its citizens. Only the poor and those unable to afford basic healthcare services are covered under Medicaid. In Obamacare, those with marginal incomes could purchase federal-subsidised healthcare insurances. Both countries are also faced with the challenge of an ageing society. The inequitable allocation of healthcare services to this group also promotes social discontent. Almost half of public expenditure is channeled to the elderly, which only comprises 13% of the whole population. The heightened demand for elderly care, lowered public expenditure on healthcare a nd increasing healthcare costs have all influenced healthcare policies in the US and France. Finally, the recent changes in the healthcare policies of this country suggest convergence rather than path dependence suggesting that healthcare policies continue to be influenced by social and economic changes in both countries. It is recommended that future research should be through on how convergence helps both countries respond to increasing complexities of healthcare in both countries.ReferencesBaldock, J. (2011). Social insurance policy, social welfare and the welfare state. Oxford Oxford University Press.Blank, R. & Burau, V. (2007). Comparative health policy. London Palgrave.Cases, C. (2006). French health system reform recent implementation and future challenge. Eurohealth, 12, pp. 10-11.Cases, C. & Le Fur, P. (2008). The pharmaceutical file, Health polity Monitort, May Online. Available from http//www.hpm.org/survey/fr/all/2 (Accessed twenty-seventh April, 2014).Center for Dise ase Control and Prevention (2011). NCHS Data Brief participation Health Centers Providers, Patients and Content of Care Online. Available from http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db65.htm (Accessed 27th April, 2014).Chevreul, K., Durand-Zaleski, I., Bahrami, S., Hernandez-Quevedo & Mladovsky, P. (2010). France Health System Review 2010. France The atomic number 63an Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, WHO regional Office for Europe, World Bank, European Commission, UNCAM, London School of Economics and Politic Science, and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.Chevreul, K. & Durand-Zaleski, I. (2009). The role of HTA in coverage and pricing in France toward a new paradigm?. Euro Observer, 11, pp. 5-6.De Looper, M. & La Fortune, G. (2009). measure disparities in health status and in access and use of healthcare in OECD countries. Paris OECD (Health working paper 43) Online. Available from http//www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issuesmigration-health/measuring-dispa rities-in-health-status-and-in-access-and-use-of-healthcare-in-oecd-countries_225748084267 (Accessed 27th April, 2014).Docteur, E. & Oxley, H. (2003). Health-care systems lessons from the reform experience. Paris OECD (Health working paper 9) Online. Available from http//www.irdes.fr/Publications/Qes/Qez133.pdf (Accessed 27th April, 2014).Evans, R. & Stoddard, G. (2003). Consuming research, producing policy?, American ledger of Public Health, 93, pp. 371-379.Franc, C. & Polton, D. (2006). New governance arrangements for French health insurance. Eurohealth, 12, pp. 27-29.Glyn, A. (2006). Capitalism unleashed. Oxford Oxford University Press.Greve, B. (2013). Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State. London Routledge.Halpin, H., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. & Martin-Moreno, J. (2010). Chronic disease prevention and the new public health. Public Health Review, 32, pp. 120-154.Moody, K. (2011). capitalistic care Will the coalition governments reforms move the NHS further toward a US-style h ealthcare market?. Capital and Class, 35(3), pp. 415-434.Mossialos, E. & Thomson, S. (2004). Voluntary health insurance in the European Union. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Online. Available from http//www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/98448/E84885.pdf (Accessed 27th April, 2014).Naiditch, M. & Dourgnon, P. (2009). The preferred doctor scheme a political reading of a French taste of gate-keeping. Paris IRDES.OECD (2013). Health at a glance 2013 OECD Indicators, Europe OECD publish Online. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2013-3n (Accessed 27th April, 2014).OECD (2011). Human Development Index and its components. Europe OECD.OECD (2009a). Society at a Glance 2009 OECD Social Indicators. Europe OECD.OECD (2009b). Health data 2009. Paris OECD.OECD (2008). Are we growing unequalOnline. Available at www.oecd.org (Accessed seventeenth April, 2014).Rosenbaum, S. (2011). The Pat ient Protection and Affordable Care Act Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice. Public Health Reports, 128(1), pp. 130-135.Stanton, M. (2006). The high concentration of U.S. healthcare expenditures research in action, issues 19. Rockville, MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Starke, P., Obginer, H. & Castles, F. (2008). product towards where in what ways, if any, are welfare states becoming more similar?. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(7), pp. 975-1000.World Health Organization (WHO) (2014). Health Systems paleness Online. Available at http//www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/equity/en/ (Accessed 27th April, 2014).

Blind Side (Healthy Family Relationships)

Blind Side (healthy family relationships) What makes a healthy family? Well in the movie The Blinde Side it depicts the importance of family, and what parents need to do in vow to raise a happy, healthy family. Leah Anne Touhy a capture of the memphis family took strong campaign in changing Michael Oher, a troublesome kids disembodied spirit for the better. Leah brought Michael into the family as wizard of their own. Leah hence saw that Michael Oher, was born into a family of 12, was held back 2 geezerhood in elementary school and had a horrible education show up with a . 6 GPA.Leah knowing these factors decided to embroider Michael and raise him to fuck off the American football game player of the Ravens he is today. This was only if accomplished by the efforts of commitment and communication which was used throughout the full movie. Through the entire movie the Tuohy family used efforts of commitment and communication to change not only Michaels life only if their own too. It started with the introduction of Leah Tuohys son, S. J. to Michael who happily greeted himself. S. J. showed confidence in himself to let Michael know that you should smile.Later on Michael was plunge wandering the streets in the darkness c old(a) when Leah Anne and her family were driving home from a play that her son was in. Leah Anne cosmos the compassionate person she is stopped the car and got out to confront Michael and offered him a stay at their warm house for the night, Michael had no other hindquarters to go so he took it. Leah Anne set up a hind end for him and made him homely. The next morning Michael was on his way to leave but Leah Anne stopped him in his tracks and brought him back in.This showed Leah Annes caring for other people. It happened to be goodwill that day and the family was huddled around the couch watching tv fleck Michael was eating off in the eat room. Leah Anne quickly observed this and brought everyone to the dining table so that all of them would celebrate thanksgiving as a family including Michael. During the Thanksgiving dinner Leah Anne offered Michael shopping so that he could feel comfortable in clothes other than his own 2 pairs of shirts and shorts.On the trip on that point Leah Anne stopped the car to loll around a eye-to-eye conversation showing that she takes swell care in finding out Michaels past and how she can aid him for the better. One night Leah Anne asked a simple question to Michael, if he wanted to stay? Michael responded I dont like anywhere else and sure enough she cancelled the guest room into a comfortable place for Michael with a bed, that he had never had before. Michael was improving his grades and now able to play on the football team, in celebration the Tuohy family went to diner.As they arrived Leah Anne had to run a quick errand to the Library and they found an old book that was convey to the children when they were younger. After the dinner and went home Leah Anne rea d that book Ferdinand the bold to both S. J. and Michael in a heartwarming chemical bond with the daughter over behind the door listening carefully and cherishing and old time story that was told to her. Later Leah Anne was in bed with her husband discourseing her bliss and that it was because of Michael.She goes on to talk about how she influenced by the change in michael that she wants to get hold of charities for people in Michaels condition. Slowly they wander off into sexual conversation showing that as well as Leah Annes responsibilities she still has time to express her inner feelings with her husband. Michael, never having a photo ID before asks Leah Anne if he could get a drivers license not just for the driving but for an appointment of himself. Leah Anne agrees and takes him to the DMV when they run into a problem.Michael has no name registered for himself and Leah Anne comes up with an idea that changes everything. Leah Anne then talks to her husband about the issu e of occupying Michael into the family. They communicate with their ideas about this and treat their feelings toward it as well. They come to decide together happily that its best if they adopt Michael since hes already a part of the family as it is. Leah Anne goes to an office that deals with legal guardians and finds that she just needs to go before a court and get permission from a judge to adopt.She is startled in that she doesnt need to confront the mother and decides its the right thing to do. She confronts the mother and she tries to make the situation comfortable as possible letting Michaels mom know that she wants to adopt Michael. Michaels mom soft takes in the idea and accepts. The family then has a family meeting where they discus whats pass on and they finally bring on the idea to Michael that they want to adopt him and he happily accepts saying arent I already part of the family. From these commitments and communication comes many learnings and values.This shows t hat a little bit of kindness can go a long way. The efforts from Leah Anne Tuohy changed Michael Ohers life for the better. It started with a simple stay at their own home to adopting and taking care of Michael himself. Not only that the family came snuggled together than before and in result a happier healthier family as well. The communication within the family was already strong and with the addition of Michael their communication became one. The family changed the life of Michael Oher, but Michael Oher changed the families lives forever.

Aims and Values in School. 2.5

Aims and Values of Schools Aims * To attempt to reach a original goal that deed overs large number a purpose or intension to achieve a in demand(p) stunnedcome. * It gives people/organisastions something to follow and work towards to achieve the best outcome. * To attempt the instruction of a purpose to try to gain to endeavor and aim to do s salubrious. Values In order to achieve goals and aims, unmatched strives and endeavours to attain certain actions, however such actions entrust not be under claimn at the disbursal of core values. Values offer principles and standards of behaviour that people and organisations follow. Values suck up a major influence on a persons behaviour and attitude and serve as guidelines in whole situations. * They ar i push-down stores and beliefs sh atomic number 18d by members of a culture about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. * Values offer a moral order to follow. How civilises demonstrate and uphold their aims and valu es Aims in crops argon set out to follow guidelines and attain what the nurtures desire to achieve. The instructs strive to exceed their personal objectives.The aims and objectives of the naturalises atomic number 18 set by the Head Teacher, working closely together with, reboots, staff, the confederation and sometimes the pincerren of the civilises. Although works mostly share the same aims and objectives, they may differ moderately as schools set out there own goals. It is important for schools to promulgate with some others their aims and objectives as much as potential, as this gives parents and others the opportunity to gain an notion of the schools in question. This can be d angiotensin converting enzyme by school prospectuses, school website, and open evenings/days.The schools can also demonstrate their aims by developing link up with local communities where they work to develop the aims to improve pupils reproduction and environment. Looking at one school in particular, we can recover how they communicate and set their aims, and whether they do this successfully. Aims 1 To maximise every baby birds potential both educationally and socially The schools aim is to con in a way that interests and motivates pupils and to verify that all pupils achieve big academic results relative to their ability.The school regally tests the tykerens level of abilities and offers trim tuition when needed. This offers spear carrier support on a one to one tuition bases. The school also offers the following to maximize every childs potential * In year 6 all children will have in their own individual tutor. The tutor meets the child on a regular weekly basis and conversees pastoral concerns as well as academic progress. Parents are welcome, therefore, to liaise with the tutor, who will have a good knowledge and understanding of their childs progress. At the end of each term, parents are send full reports, including qualified comments, as well as soc ial involvement in the school. * Parents are also sent marked reading slips, during the term, which indicate attainment and effort grades, together with comments from the tutor. * Tests are done internally through the school during various times through the school year. This allows for the teachers to monitor the pupils academic abilities. The school states that one of the features of the school ethos is that no two days are the same.They offer a wide persist of sports and lessons to improve the childs overall experience. They restrict the children busy and offer a fun environment for learning. Sporting success is certainly a major part of life at the school in question, but they also realize that sport is about boastful an opportunity for the majority of the school to work in a team, and to give them a sense of pride in their own performance. Games sessions at the school take place for all pupils every day of the week, except Thursdays, including matches on Wednesdays and Saturd ays.They believe in putting out as m either teams as mathematical on match afternoons to include boys of all abilities. The school offers the following sports cricket, athletics, squash, swimming, cross-country, hockey, polo, shooting, rugby, board tennis, and chess, tennis, football, athletics, golf, polo and croquet. Aim 2 To ensure that every child is treated every bit regardless of race, gender, social background and special needs Promoting equal opportunities is profound to the aims and ethos of the school. They welcome applications from candidates of all cultures and backgrounds.The school believes that this enriches the community and is vital in preparing the pupils for straight offs world. They concentrate strongly on educating the individual, providing a comfortable and take atmosphere where each individual feels valued. The school is committed to equal word for all, regardless of an individuals race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, learning diffi culty, body cipher or social background. We believe that the educational experience can only(prenominal) be enriched if children are exposed to as wide a range of cultural experiences as possible whilst they are developing.Scholarships and bursaries may be offered in order to make it possible for as mevery as possible who meet the schools admission criteria to attend the school. The Headmaster, senior prudence team and staff play an active utilization in observe the schools policies on equal opportunities. Within their classes, assemblies, and sports they promote the following * Interact with all children, and encourage them to work as a team. * Tolerance of each other and respect for each others position within the school community. * Positive images and role models to avoid prejudice and raise awareness of link issues. Foster an open-minded approach and encourage pupils to recognise the contributions made by different cultures. Bias should be recognised. * Understand why a nd how we will deal with offensive language and behavior. * Understand why we will deal with any incidents promptly and in a sensitive manner. * The school also offers extra English for children who are struggling with the language. A successful equal opportunities form _or_ system of government requires strong and positive support from parent and guardians, and full acceptance of the schools ethos of tolerance and respect.Aim 3 To work in partnership with parent to encourage positive attitudes towards learning A childs dwelling life has such a billetful effect on childrens learning especially in early years. It is important for parents to get knobbed and pay a keen interest in the progress of their child in school. The child not only fuck offs skills, knowledge and intellectual arousal but they also absorb a positive attitude towards learning and encouragement right(prenominal) of school. At home parents can provide to a greater extent one-to-one attention.At the school bein g discussed, they offer the following to encourage families to take an interest in their childs progression * Formal meetings for parents to discuss their childs progress with individual subject teachers are held twice a year. The school also offers parents the chance to attend avowal meetings any time of the year to discuss their concerns with their child progress. * Follow a provision policy as the school along with the Department for Education believes that, well organised homework can play a vital role in raising standards of achievement. * The school believes that homework provides the following to the childs success It raises childrens achievement. It consolidates and extends the work they have done in school. It helps to inform parents about their childs schoolwork and allows parents the opportunity to support their work. It is a priceless life skill and develops good work habits for secondary school and future employment. Aim 4 To ensure a safe and mend school communit y Child certificate is always a devolve priority at the school in question.They recognise that it is its objective and responsibleness to safeguard from harm, and actively promote the offbeat of each individual child. * Their charge is of positive welfare outcomes for the schools children and upon reducing any risks to the children while they are at school. * Their primary aim is to ensure that they create an atmosphere in the school where all children feel secure and valued. All welfare provision is direct towards this goal, whether the provision is a matter of people, premises, policies or practices. Their policies and practices follow the National nominal embarkment Standards and are informed by the Berkshire Local Safeguarding Children Boards Child Protection Procedures. * The school states that there is no place for abuse of any build in their community and they will do all in their power to prevent any incidents of physical, emotional or sexual abuse at the school. The school itself recognises that all staff have a full and active part to play in protecting the pupils from harm, and that the childs welfare is of paramount concern.Staff at the school are reminded that the following things moldiness be avoided at all times * Corporal punishment, having favorites, humiliation and punishment outside of the schools disciplinary system. * Inviting individual boys into a staff room. Staff must respect privacy and private space, particularly in lavatories, changing rooms and showers. They are reminded to supervise and not watch. The school clearly states that all staff receive the relevant training in child protection and interagency working which must be updated every two years. All staff are issued with quotation card sized key points for child protection. All staff who are appointed to a position in the school are subject to recruitment checks in line with DCSF Standard 4 and governors to DCSF Standard 4B, as well as in line with National Minimum Boar ding Standard 14. * Risk assessments are done throughout the school to ensure that all environments are safe. * The school itself is a gated school and has CCTV cameras which provides the school with valuable information. The schools child protection policy and procedures will be check outed once a year by the Governing Body, including a review of the efficiency with which the related duties have been discharged.

Berkshire Hathaway Phenomenon In the Context of Modern Finance Theory Essay

Berkshire HathawayPhenomenonIn the Context of red-brickFinance possibilitySepttember2013Berkshire Hathaway PhenomenonIn the Context of neo Finance TheoryIntroductionOver the 46 years ending December 2012, warren tabulatort (Berkshire Hathaway) has achieved a compound, after-tax, rate of snuff it in excess of 20% p.a. Such consistent, long term, come in mathematical operation might be gazeed as incompatible with modern finance possible action.This look for discusses the Berkshire Hathaway phenomenon in the context of modern finance theory. neighborhood 1 Modern Portfolio TheoryBerkshire Hathaways investing strategies mainly differ with modern portfolio theory on two aspects. The first maven is the attitude towards the undesirable subject in coronation. And the minute one(a) is the perspective of variegation.As Harry Markowitz pointed come out in Portfolio Selection, one of the assumptions is (Markowitz, 1952)the investor does (or should) enumerate expected return as a desirable thing and partition of return an undesirable thing. However, in Warren Buffets point of get word, (Roberg G, 2005) the only if undesirable thing should be the misfortune of harm. He emphasizes on conducting fundamental abstract to change state out a companys future profits, so as to determine the intrinsic value instead of monitoring the argument bells. This is because in the long term, the investment outcome is mainly harmed by misjudging the business value, including misjudging of puffiness rate andinterest rate etc. As such, risk is delineate differently between Mr Buffett and Modern Portfolio Theory one is defined by possibility of misjudging theintrinsic value of business, the other being simplified to variance of expected returns. If we consider risk as a probability statement, hence maybe Mr Buffetts definition is closer to the original meaning.Also, the assumption of maximise one-period expected utility is not what Buffet focuses on in his investme nt strategies.(Roberg G, 2005)In this case, Justin Industries, which was acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in 2000, bum serve as a upright example. During the five years prior to the acquisition, stock cost of Justin Industries dropped by 37 percent, which should result in a huge variance of expected return. provided Mr Buffett saw it as a perfect opportunity to purchase a well-managed traditional business with over 100 years of history. He offered a 23 percent premium over stock price at the time, and the stock price shot up by 22% on the day of announcement.It is also stated by Markowitz that, (Markowitz, 1952)a rule of demeanour which does not imply the captainity of diversification must be spurned both(prenominal) as a hypothesis and as a maxim. On the contrary, Mr Buffett has his famous quote, (Roberg G, 2005)diversification serves as a protection over against ignorance. If you fatality to make sure that nothing bad happens to you relative to the mart, you should own eve rything. there is nothing wrong with that. Its a perfectly sound cash advance for somebody who doesnt cope how to analyse business.One throw out always argue that Berkshire Hathaway does not operate in only one pains, and they tend to invest in more industries in recent years. unless as the business grows in volume, it is reasonable to be involved in new industries when there be few sound investment opportunities in the industries they already operate in, let alone that the technology industry was seldom in the list of holdings of Berkshire Hathaway, not even when Apples stock was soaring. The reason being, (Roberg G, 2005)investmentsuccess is not active how much you know but how realistically you define what you dont know. map 1 (Martin & Pu whereforepurackal, 2007)Distribution of Berkshire Hathaway investitures by IndustryThe chart above shows dissemination of Berkshire Hathaways investments by industry and firm size during the time contour 1976-2006. Judging by the siz e and number of investments, it evoke be conclude that a large amount of wealth was placed in manu itemuring industry during the 30 years in study, although for diversification purpose, more weight could be possessed of been placed in the industry of agriculture, forestry and fishing, construction or retail trade.Having compared the differences, it is be quiet worth noting that Markowitz did not rule out fundamental psychoanalysis in portfolio alternative process, as is said in his foregoing paper,(Markowitz, 1952)the process of selecting a portfolio may be divided into two items. The first stage starts with expression and experience and ends with beliefs about the future per pretendances of available securities. The second stage starts with germane(predicate) beliefs about future performances and ends with the choice of portfolio. This paper is refer with the second stage.Part 2 cost-efficient food market HypothesisThe strong form of effective market hypothesis states t hat all information, no matter familiar or private, instantaneously affects current stock price. Semi-strong form is only concerned with public information, while the weak form suggests that current stock price reflects information in the previous prices. In short, they simply imply that in the long run, no one should be able to beat the market in terms of investment return.As is said in Famas paper in 1970, (Eugene F, 1970)the evidence in support of the efficient markets sample is extensive, and (somewhat uniquely in economics) contradictory evidence is sparse. However, Warren Buffet has always criticised efficient market hypothesis as much as he could. The majorreason is that, as a fundamental analysis advocate, (Roberg G, 2005)he thinks analysing all available information make an analyst at advantage. He once said, (Banchuenvijit, 2006)investing in a market where people conceive in efficiency is like playing bridge with someone who has been told it does not do any good to look at the cards. Also in his speech at Columbia University in 1984, he mentioned, ships go forth swing around the world but the Flat Earth Society bequeath flourish. There provide continue to be wide discrepancies between price and value in the marketplace, and those who read their Graham & Dodd will continue to prosper.(Roberg G, 2005)To illustrate, we can take Berkshire Hathaways acquisition of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corp. in 2009 for example. At the time, shares of Burlington Northern had dropped 13 percent in 12 months. Also, the market was padded during GFC, so the possibility of competitive bids was low according to Tony Russo, a confederate at Gardner Russo & Gardner, which holds Berkshire shares. If efficient market hypothesis does stand, the market would rebound rapidly when GFC took place, and such opportunity of relatively low-priced acquisition would not exist. thus far if it exists, other investor should anticipate quick upward adjustment of price and inser t in bidding when they find out about this opportunity.However, this does not adjudicate that fundamental analysis is superior, because intrinsic value is not yet the whole way defined, and how does Mr Buffet calculate the intrinsic value is still a mystery.Part 3 Capital summation set ModelWhen examining assumptions of Capital Asset Pricing Model, it is obvious that Mr Buffett is at odds with almost every one of them.Firstly, the model assumes that all investors are Markowitz efficient, but as mentioned earlier, Mr Buffett does not delicacy variance of expected return as an absolute drawback, so the second rule that Markowitz Efficiency must follow does not stand.Secondly, the model is approve by the assumption that investors havehomogeneous expectations and equal access to opportunities, which suggests that everyone is conjectural to have the same view of future profit stream. However, as a recent paper pointed out, (Frazzini, et al., 2013)Mr Buffetts return is largely due to his selection of stocks. If everyone has the same view with Mr Buffett and the same access to the investment opportunities, then if not everyone, a large number of people should be as easy as Mr Buffett, when the reality is the opposite. So Mr Buffett would not agree with this assumption either.The terce assumption is that capital markets are in equilibrium, which is practically what only efficient markets can achieve, which, as discussed above, is not in line with Mr Buffetts view point.The final one, which is that Capital Asset Pricing Model only work within one period time horizon, is apparently against Mr Buffetts semipermanent holding strategy.Apart from model assumptions, one of the strongest contradictions between Mr Buffetts view point and Capital Asset Pricing Model is that the model is for short predictingpurpose, which would clearly be categorised into (Roberg G, 2005)speculation instead of investment by Mr Buffett. In addition, market portfolio is not of practical use, compared with Mr Buffetts way of only analysing businesses he is familiar with, because the market portfolio we use cannot truly represent the stainless market.Part 4 Multi-factor Pricing ModelsUnlike Capital Asset Pricing Model, which has only one factor, in Multi-factor Pricing Models, such as merchandise Pricing Theory and Fama-French three-factor model, the rate of return is linked to several factors.As diversification is still suggested by the model, the same divergence on diversification exists with Mr Buffets strategies and Multi-factor PricingModels.Moreover, differences also lie in the fact that multi-factor models usually take in some macroeconomic factors, which investors should not consider according to Mr Buffett, (Roberg G, 2005)the rationale being that if a single stock price cannot be predicted, the overall economic condition would be more thorny to predict.Despite the differences, some micro factors included in the multi-factor model, such as P/E ratio and book-to-market ratio, can also be apply to conduct fundamental analysis to determine the intrinsic value and possibility of growth of a business. As such, the ideas of which factors to take into account can agree within the two different approaches.Chart 2(Martin & Puthenpurackal, 2007)Factor Regressions of Berkshire Hathaway and Mimicking PortfoliosIn a paper by Gerald S. Martin and John Puthenpurackal, they conduct a regression analysis using Fama-French three-factor and Carhart four-factor models on monthly returns of Berkshire Hathaway and mimicking portfolios. (Martin & Puthenpurackal, 2007)The adjusted excess returns turn out to be significant with p-values 0.024 the excess market return and high-minus-low book-to-market factors are again significant with p-values 0.01. However, small-minus-big and prior 2-12 month return momentum factors are not significantly explanatory factors.As such, preliminary conclusion can be reached that book-to-value highminus-low can be a com mon factor in both multi-factor models and Mr Buffetts fundamental analysis. In addition, the factors of firm size and momentum are not likely to be considered by Mr Buffett. Also, both Berkshires and mimicking portfolios returns outperform the multi-factor models in study. (Bowen & Rajgopal, 2009)But as is pointed out in another thesis, the superior performance is attributed to the earlier years and they observe no significant of import during the recent decade.Part 5 Black-Scholes Option Pricing Modelharmonize to Berkshire Hathaways letter to shareholders in 2008,(Buffett, 2008)their specify contracts reported a mark-to-market going away of $5.1 billion, and this led to Mr Buffetts criticism towards the Black-Scholes expression as is claimed by the media.However, the bolshy was in fact caused by inclusion of volatility in the formula when volatility becomes irrelevant as the duration before maturity lengthens. As Mr Buffett said in the letter,(Buffett, 2008)if the formula is applied to extended time periods, it can produce absurd results. In fairness, Black and Scholes almost certainly mum this point well. But their devoted followers may be ignoring whatever caveats the two men attached when they first unveiled the formula. As such, Mr Buffetts comment on Black-Scholes formula is more of self-criticism than the other way around.This is reflected in his earlier comment on performance in the letter,(Buffett, 2008)I call up each contract we own was mispriced at inception, sometimes dramatically so. I both initiated these positions and monitor them, a set of responsibilities consistent with my belief that the chief operating officer of any large financial organization must be the party boss Risk Officer as well. If we lose money on our derivatives, it will be my fault.We can understand why Mr Buffett gave this fair comment about the formulae when referring to the Black-Scholes paper,(Black & Scholes, 1973)if the expiration take care of the option is ve ry far in the future, then the price of the bond that pays the exercise price on the maturity date will be very low, and the value of the option will be approximately equal to the price of the stock. Mr Buffett also commented that (Buffett, 2008)The Black-Scholes formula has approached the status of consecrated writ in finance, and we use it when valuing our equity put options for financial statements purposes. observe inputs to the calculation include a contracts maturityand engage price, as well as the analysts expectations for volatility, interest grade and dividends and that even so, we will continue to useBlack-Scholes when we are estimating our financial-statement liability for long equity puts. The formula represents conventional wisdom and any substitute that I might offer would engender extreme scepticism.Despite Mr Buffetts confession, a scholar studied the letter and reached a different conclusion why the loss was made(Cornell, 2009)He first ruled out unhazardous rat e, inflation rate and drift and focused on volatility, which is consistent with where Mr Buffett thought he made a mistake. The lognormal diffusion assumption, which implies that volatility increases linearly with take note to the horizon over which it is measured, was discussed at length with controversial evidence. As such, its defame is not a strong explanation regarding the absurd results.He then found out in the letter that Mr Buffett believed that inflationary policies of governments and central banks will limit future declines in nominal stock prices compared with those predicted by a historically estimated lognormal distribution. If Mr Buffet is right, then the Black-Scholes model will indeed significantly overvalue long-dated put options, to which a possible solution is reservation the left-hand tail truncated to reduce the value of long-dated put options.SummaryThroughout this essay, we have discussed the common views and divergences between Mr Buffetts investment stra tegies and Modern Finance Theories. Now we summarize the main points as follows viridity viewsDivergencesBlack-Scholes Option Pricing ModelModern Portfolio TheoryEfficient Market HypothesisCapital Asset Pricing ModelMulti-factor ModelsChart 3Common Views and Divergences between Modern Finance Theory andMr Buffetts StrategiesModern Finance TheoriesModern Portfolio TheoryDivergences with Warren Buffet1. Risk delimitate as Volatility2. Short Investment Horizon3. DiversificationEfficient Market HypothesisCapital Asset Pricing Model dependableness of Fundamental summary1. Markowitz Efficient Investors2. Homogeneous Expectation andEqual opening to Opportunities3. Markets in Equilibrium4. Short Investment Horizon5. Predicting Function Leads to meditation6. Impractical Market Portfolio7. DiversificationMulti-factor Models1. Macro Factors2. DiversificationChart 4Detailed Divergences between Modern Finance Theory and Mr Buffetts StrategiesBibliographyBanchuenvijit, W., 2006. Investment Phi losophy of Warren E. Buffet, Bankok The University of Thai Chamber ofCommerce.Black, F. & Scholes, M., 1973. The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities. The daybook of Political Economy, 81(3), pp. 637-654.Bowen, R. M. & Rajgopal, S., 2009. Do Powerful Investors Influence Accounting, Governance and Investing Decisions?, capital letter D.C. University of Washington.Buffett, W. E., 2008. Letter to Shareholders, Omaha Berkshire Hathaway, Inc..Cornell, B., 2009. Warren Buffet, Black-Scholes and the Valuation of Long-dated Options, Pasadena California Institute of Technology.Davis, J., 1991. Lessons from Omaha an Analysis of the Investment Methodsand Business Philosophy of Warren Buffett, Cambridge Cambridge University.Eugene F, F., 1970. Efficient Capital Markets A Review of THeory and Empirical Work. The Journal of Finance, 25(2), pp. 383-417.Eugene F, F. & Kenneth R, F., 1992. The Cross-Section of Expected conduct Return. The Journal of Finance, XLVII(2).Markowitz, H., 1952. Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, VII(1), pp. 77-91.Martin, G. S. & Puthenpurackal, J., 2007. Imitation is the Sincerest Form of Flattery Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway, Reno University of Nevada.Roberg G, H., 2005. The Warren Buffet Way. 2 ed. Hoboken John Wiley& Sons, Inc..William F, S., 1964. Capital Asset Prices A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), pp. 425-442.

Art of Losing Essay

In society, there is no authority out of losing things it is whats supposed to happen and there leave behind be no escaping it. Misplacing valuable things is a highly common routineivity we do presently. We lose anything Whether it may be car keys, textbooks, your own cell ph whiz, it is non rare to misplace any of your belongings. Time is also guilty of be a valuable product that is most often disconnected if not keeping a close eye on it. Elizabeth Bishop proves this point in her well-written poem, mavin Art, by saying The art of losing isnt hard to professional person. Ms.Bishop tries to say the reader that invigoration has treasured moments and if unmatched is not careful they will find him or herself living in a lost bring up of mind. In Elizabeth Bishops poem, she speaks about the art of losing things. When the author of this poem calls the act of losing things an art, it has a greater meaning. The art of losing isnt hard to master so many things seem filled with t he intent to be lost that their loss is no chance. She speaks as though things are meant to be lost and should preserve lost as if it were meant to happen.That is in fact the art in which she speaks of. She wants her readers to whop that losing valuable things is somewhat beautiful in a sense that its meant to be and that it will find a way to run lost. Bishop hitherto said Lose something every day. Then practice losing farther, losing fast-paced places, names, and where it was you meant to travel. None of these will bring disaster. Could Bishop have been speaking about shop loss or a different loss that is only one of lifes many outcomes?She says that none of these will bring disaster if one forgets places, names, and where he or she wanted to travel, one shouldnt chance any loss at all because there wouldnt be any emotion there. Perhaps one of lifes losses that Bishop wants to get through to her readers is that growing older can cause memories to fade, become lost, and neer to be found again. Bishop and so spoke about how snip could be badly spent and how it can be lost and never granted back. the hour badly spent. The art of losing isnt hard to master. each reader could definitely relate to this line.Today, people get so caught up in what theyre doing in the moment that they allow time strip right out of their hands. They often will say There is not enough time during the day Bishop tries to let readers know that time flies, and every minute of every hour of every day should be cherished. She then begins naming off specific items that have been lost like her beats watch, three houses she loved, and the cities in which she lived. Reading the line The art of losing isnt hard to master, makes a reader wonder if she ever did master the art of losing, or does she still have deep feelings about these lost treasures?In the final stanza she reveals a major clue to the reader. -Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture I love) I shant have li ed. Its sheer the art of losings not too hard to master though it may look like (Write it ) like disaster. As the reader, you begin to strike out that theres something that Bishop is still holding on to that she cannot seem to let go of. The reader discovers that she is obviously mourning the loss of a dear(p) person in her life.Even though she tries to play it off by claiming that even this particular loss is not a disaster, it appears to be one for her and she hasnt gotten over it just yet. After finishing reading One Art, Bishop wants her readers to take from the poem that time is very precious and we should spend it wisely with either our loved ones or our most cherished heirlooms before life happens and it will be lost forever only leaving a mere memory. To focus on the things that make us happy in life before they are gone and will never return. She doesnt want others to feel the way she did when she wrote this poem.

The International Company Logistics

Logistics is the designing and managing of a system in order to arrest the flow of textile throughout a corporation. This is a actually definitive government agency of an world(prenominal) company because of geographical barriers. Logistics of an international company includes battlefront of raw materials, coordinating flows into and out of different countries, choices of transportation, pecuniary value of the transportation, packaging the merchandise for get offment, storing the product, and managing the entire process. The opinion of logistics is sanely new in the business world. The abstractive development was not use until 1966. Since then, many an(prenominal) business practices obtain evolved and logistics patheticly comprises between 10 and 25 percent of the nub personify of an international purchase. in that location ar two main phases that are all important(predicate) in the movement of materials material management and physical distribution. Materials ma nagement is the seasonable movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies. The physical distribution is the movement of the firms finished products to the customers. Both phases involve ein truth stage of the process including memory board. The supreme terminal of logistics is to coordinate all efforts of the company to maintain a cost effective flow of goods.There are four logistics concepts the systems concept, the total cost concept, the after-tax concept, and the trade-off concept. The systems concept is based on all functions of a nerve working unneurotic in order to maximize benefits. This concept sometimes requires authentic components of the organization to operate suboptimally in order to achieve uttermost goals of the system. The total cost concept is based on the systems concept, moreover goal achievement is measured in terms of cost. A variation of the total cost concept is the after-tax concept. This goal of this concept is after-tax profit. This concept is bec oming very popular because of the many different national tax policies. The trade-off concept links the system together in a way that is very efficient, but toilet havetrade-offs that might be inefficient. The advantages of such luxuriously efficiency moldiness be weighed against the risk involved.One of the declamatoryst obstacles of international logistics is geography. The outstrip and manner materials moldiness be shipped is the most important step in international logistics. Transportation infrastructures vary greatly throughout the world. planetary companies moldiness consider all creams before starting any operation in another country. Perhaps a country could have easy overture by ship, but no way to transport the goods once on the ground. on the whole available routes into and out of the country must be ascertain in order tojudge the feasibility of the operation. Ground shipments are magnificent for attached countries such as the U.S. and Mexico. Normally, conv eyance across ground borders is f transmitly uneventful and is usually the best method if time and distance stop it.Ocean shipments are divided by terzetto types of service liner, bulk, and tramp. line drive service is regularly scheduled passages on assigned and established routes. This ship routes are similar to taking a plane somewhere. This service is used more for one-time orirregular shipments. Bulk service is contractual for a prolonged period of time. This service is for those needing to ship bear-sized quantities on a f propagately regular soil. Tramp service is for irregular routes and scheduled as needed. This service would be to destinations liner service normally does not operate, and for large quantities.The type of ocean service you use in any case depends on where the material must go. Certain types of ships crowd out only go to certain places, and certain ships canful only carry a certain type of clog. All alternatives must be fully researched before ocean service canbe considered as a valid option. The biggest advantage of ocean shipping is cost. Typically, ocean service is the least costly option, however is also has the sulky travel time. Accidents are infrequent, however if one would happen, large quantities of materialare lost all at once. Certain operations could not check long periods of down-time caused by lost goods, which could prove devastating. Additionally, not all countries have adequatedocking facilities and material may have to be delivered in another manner. Sometimes, the material can be ocean shipped to a neighboring country, and then trucked across land.Air freight is the quickest method for shipping goods. It also is the most costly. While the airfreight industry has had tremendous growth over the years, it still makes up less than 1 percent of all international freight. Typically, airfreight is used for high value items, and those required to have a short transit time. Perishable goods for instance, practica lly requires air shipment. Another advantage to air freight is the abundance of facilities throughout the world that are accessible by air.Transit time is another important aspect of international logistics, and is virtually related to the manner in which the material is shipped. Because the ocean freight takes longer, large quantities are shipped. This requires storage of inventory in both countries.By apply air freight, the smaller quantities and more periodic shipments can reduce storage costs.Air freight is also more predictable than ocean shipments. Where a ship may be a few days late, the air freight is usually only a few hours late. Predictability is important for many types of shipments, and when it is required, air freight is the mode of choice.Packaging for international shipments must also be researched. Many times, a single shipment may be trucked, air freighted, and shipped. Packaging for three different types of shipping can be tricky. The most common type of interna tional shipping is incontainers. These containers can ride on a truck and then be set(p) on a ship. Beyond general packaging, climate changes must also be taken into consideration. Care must be taken that the freight is not susceptible to extreme temperatures or humidity. When airfreight is macrocosm used, the weight of the packaging must be considered for maximum benefit. Extremely healthy packaging can add thousands of dollars to an air freight bill.Logistics of a storage facility is also very important. How many locations and where they are located must be closely researched in order to yield the most benefit. Sometimes, a location can be chosen based on monetary benefit in addition to logisticalbenefit. Certain enterprise zones can greatly increase after-tax dough. These types of areas must be researched and compared for cost/benefit.The final part of logistics is how to tie this system together. All of these different options and concepts must flow together and operate as ef ficiently as possible. There arethree basic forms of logistics management.Centralized logistics management provides that the logistics operations are headed by managers that also head other divisions of the company. This type of management helps avoid internal problems by having a central manager that ultimately decides how logistics and operations are coordinated. decentralize logistics management is based on the fact that a company necessitate to have a division that helps control the local-adaptation needs. Dealing with different cultures requires stimulation from the local branch. The managers that deal with the culturaldifferences on a daily basis normally know what works and what doesnt.Outsourcing is the final option for logistics management. When this happens, transportation firms come down on logistics, and the company can concentrate on its production. There are many cost savings using this type of program, however that lack of control can negatively effect many companie s.International logistics requires many different options and requirements to be met in order for a company to operate internationally. Its like a big puzzle that must be put together, in order for all the goals to be met. As described above, there are many options to consider, and sometimes what appears to be an option really isnt. It is not difficult to hit a road block, and you must start over with a new plan. Once the logistics plan is in place, you must constantly look for improvements in order to maximize profits and goals.

Chick Webb

In a genre as widely popular and influential as wind instrument, even some of the most well-respected histrions could f both through the cracks in footing of cosmos a mainstream fiction. This is not a revelation of a line of reasoning on its experience, as this was the story for many a musician. The cause could be simply be a casualty of overshadowing during the jazz/ cast craze, not being terribly innovative, or not having a string of hits. whatsoever of these causes even afflicted the subject of this paper. However, it was another factor that gear ups his story so interesting, yet tragic.Not e very(prenominal) artist could be etched in legend such as figures like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, or have his music play all over like benny Goodman. moreover shuttle Webbs carry on on both the music, culture and technique regarding the overdresss were and still atomic number 18 well-respected in the jazz scene, despite some of the factors that would hold him confirm from being a transcendent star. The story of Chick Webb has to begin with the factor that held him back the most and is overly the first to afflict him. Despite his disputed feature date, Chick was born(p) in Baltimore, Maryland to William H. and Marie Johnson Webb.William Henry Webb, his birth name, was born with spinal tuberculosis, a condition that would negatively affect him his whole sustenance and ultimately cost him his life. So how does one manage all this pain, let alone become the greatest jazz drummer in history? For starters, the psyche of playacting the drums came from his doctor. The intent was that the rapid movement of the limbs that is required by the drums would loosen up up his stiff limbs and lessen the pain. With the appeal of the instruments recreational and medicinal apparent, a young Webb would become a newspaper boy with the sole aspiration of saving up enough money to buy a drum set.Until then, Webb would settle for the bottom of overturned garbage cans to whet his appetite. By 11 years old, Webb would have his drum set and by 17 years old, he had moved to New York City to pursue his dream of being a player in the jazz capital of the world. Chick Webb began acting in New York night clubs as soon as he arrived in 1924. Clubs such as the Paddock Club and the Black Bottom took him in, reference book by none other than Duke Ellington, who instantly recognized his talent. Ellington would become an master(prenominal) figure in Webbs life, both as a learn and a rival, further d ingest the line.Noting his dominant skill and strong personality, Ellington would assist Webb to form and lead his own small band. Webb would do hardly that by forming the Harlem Stoppers, a quintet that would go on to supply the demand for cold shoulder music in the era known as the Harlem Renaissance. His skills were rare, and considered ideal to kindle the upbeat pace of swing music and provide a gross out to the music that could rarely be match ed. Naturally, this skill became quickly recognized all over the city, leading to the expansion of the Harlem Stoppers, who would now be known as the Chick Webb Orchestra.Webbs condition as a successful musician was cemented when his band was selected as the house band of the Savoy Ballroom, a known locus located in Harlem. He would be the face of the venue until his final years. Based solely off their own merits, the Chick Webb Orchestra was a highly regarded band. But what do the band legendary in its own right was their willingness to accept challengers in what was known as cuttin sessions, or battles of the bands. legion(predicate) good, but ordinary jazz bands attempted to challenge the great Chick Webb Orchestra, only to be blown out of the ballroom.However, when then-King of Swing benne Goodman and his band arrived to challenge Webbs, Chick began to finally get some spat from outside of New York. In New York, over 9,000 people came to jibe this historical event, 5,000 of them standing outside just to have the chance of perchance hearing the monumental clash that was to take place. And when the opportunity arose for Webb and his band to make a statement, they did so in force. Performing first, Goodmans orchestra performed honorably as many expected from a unit of their stature.But when Webbs crew began, the subject would become obvious. With the roar of the crowd Webbs orchestra, they would end up blowing Benny Goodmans band out of the ballroom just as he did all the other bands before him that challenged him. His driving in force(p)s often over-powered other bands, vie into the hard swing of his orchestra. Gene Krupa, a legendary drummer in his own right and drummer for Goodmans band noted that Webb cut me to ribbons It was this moment where Webb was crown King of Swing and undoubtedly King of the Savoy.Other legendary challengers such as Count Basie (who played Webb to a draw at the very least), Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington would test the mettle of the Chick Webb Orchestra, but none would diminish his status as one of the preeminent bandleaders and musicians of the time. Like most famous muscians of the time, Webb began to accede his work, beginning in 1927. However, his powerful sound was difficult to record cleanly without drowning out the full composition of the work. This forced im to tone down his sound and let the rest of the music even out, possibly lessening his fame. However, in circles within the music industry, Webbs talent and influence did not go unnoticed. When Decca Records formed in 1934, Webb signed to the label and made his most famous recordings, almost all of which featuring Ella Fitzgerald as the singer. Webb initially discouraged the inclusion of Fitzgerald as she did not fit the image of the typical lead singer for a swing band. However, once he heard her voice, she would become the lead vocalist for Chick Webbs Orchestra.This addition skyrocketed the careers of both artist, transfo rming Fitzgerald into a bonafide superstar by-line the success of their top hit together, Fitzgeralds rendition of A-tisket, A-Tasket. As the quintessential swing artist, Webbs sound merged perfectly with Fitzgerald, so much so that she became known as the First Lady of Swing. Unfortunately, one could understand the vast popularity of Fitzgerald would often overshadow Webb, especially true on recordings. What made it worse for Chick Webb, was the timing of his newfound popularity. In 1938, not too long after the instant success of A-tisket, A-tasket, Webbs health began to fail.Webb had been playing through pain his entire career, often leaving the stage exhausted. But this time, his spinal condition became more serious and restricted him from playing to a standard that he deemed fit for his fans. Seeking relief, Webb would return to Baltimore for a major(ip) operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Sadly, Webb would never leave the hospital, dying at just 34 years old. Reportedly, his last words were to his mother, saying Im sorry, Ive got to go. The respect the jazz scene had for Chick Webb was obvious at his funeral, where the top musicians of the time all came to pay their respects.The general public also came in full force, so much so that the church where the serve were being held could not contain them all, and the procession was composed of almost 80 cars. As one of the few prominent drummer-led swing bands, Webbs impact is almost always understated. Be it because his lack of hit records as the frontman, a result of Ella Fitzgeralds popularity or the eras inability to in good order record his talent, or his shortened lifespan, Chick Webb has become a more or less forgotten name to the mainstream, despite his legendary status within the jazz culture.But due to his influential style, and his battles against some of the more marquee names in jazz/swing, Chick Webb will never be forgotten. Works Cited Fritts, Ron, and wad Vail. Ella Fitzgerald The Chick W ebb Years & beyond. Lanham, MD Scarecrow, 2003. Print. McDonough, John. CHICK WEBB THE MATRIX. Down Beat 77. 8 (2010) 37. Downbeat. com. Down Beat, Aug. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. . Sandler, Gilbert. Webb Won the Battle of the Bands. Baltimore Sun.N. p. , 28 Apr. 1992. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. . Teichroew, Jacob. mechanic Profile Swing Drummer and Bandleader Chick Webb. About. com Jazz. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. . Turner, Nathaniel. Chick Webb Bio. Chick Webb Bio. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. .