Racism in Disney Movies Essay - 5488 Words

Anastasia Trus WRTG 3020 Professor Pat Sullivan 30 March 2010 Racism in Disney During the last several decades, the media has become a strong agent in directing and controlling social beliefs and behaviors. Children, by nature, can be particularly susceptible to the influencing powers of the media, opening an avenue where media created especially for children can indoctrinate entire generations. Disney movies, like all other media â€Å"are powerful vehicles for certain notions about our culture,† such as racism. (Giroux 32). Racist scenes in Disney movies are often identified as simply being â€Å"symbols of the time† when the films were produced. Furthermore, Disney racism is often passed over as simple humor, or as a simple guide to†¦show more content†¦Her troubling presence was simply cropped out of the movie even though you can still see the Aryans she used to pamper. Eliminating Sunflower from the movie may have been intended as harmless and as an attempt to be politically correct; however, it is cine matic decisions such as this that contributed to Disney’s reputation of being insensitive to issues of race. It was insulting enough for Disney to include the smiling servant stereotype to begin with, but to make matters worse, they started denying Sunflowers existence with the Fantasia re-release in 1960. How does that possibly make things better? A few angered African American communities said, No, you misunderstand. In our perfect, Fantasia world, Africans arent servants. They dont fucking exist† (Weinman 64). A contemporary film critic said, Whats fun though is that Disney says they never had such a character! Were all delusional† (Brunette 123). Maybe it was acceptable in the past to portray characters that had such blatant racist features; nevertheless, it is strange to deny its existence to audiences who had already seen the original version. This is how we deal with our ugly past: we deny it, trivialize it, gloss over it with pretty distractions and wishf ul thinking. Doing so, we deny ourselves a glimpse of the compelling reality of naked history. The well-meaning rush to unmake evil deeds by hiding them from the critical eye of modern sensibilities does nothing to honor the peopleShow MoreRelatedDisney s Role As A Monopoly1578 Words   |  7 Pages Disney is always being bashed about how they portray girls as being beautiful and skinny or how the portray ethnic groups in their movies. Disney also is haggled about being a monopoly and taking over other companies to be the only ones. Disney has been around since 1923, which Walt Disney and his brother started making short films about Mickey Mouse. They began to grow rapidly and eventually became the powerhouse they are today. In this quote by Alexandre Bohas professor at University of ParisRead MoreQuestionable Social Messages Spread by Disney864 Words   |  3 Pagessocial beliefs and behaviours. This is explained in the New York Times opinion column, Its Racist, But Hey, Its Disney. Children are more vulnerable to the powers of the media. Disney movies are also a vehicle for spreading cultural notions, such as racism. This medium opens an avenue where children can be indoctrinated and pass questionable values on to following generations. Walt Disney shows us how his strong feelings and or values shown in his films were all meant in a good way. â€Å"Our heritageRead More Racism In Animated Films Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in Animated Films While Disney animated films are the ideal family movies, it is undisclosed to many that such racism is being portrayed. Rarely do we ask about the origins and intentions of the messages we encounter through mass media; sometimes we forget that [producers] have origins or intentions at all (Lipsitz 5). The social inequality found in such popular culture can be due to several reasons. According to David Croteau and William Hoynes in Racial Crossroads, media contentRead MoreEssay on Racism in Disneys Aladdin993 Words   |  4 PagesRacism: discrimination which exemplifies stereotypical differences between the ethnic groups to which people belong. While Disney animated films are the ideal family movies, it is undisclosed to many that such racism is being portrayed. Disney’s movie Aladdin (1992), â€Å"was a high-profile release, the winner of two Academy Awards, and one of the most successful Disney films ever produced† (Giroux, 104); however, what is often disregarded is the obvious depiction of careless racism towards Arabs seenRead MoreGender, Race and Disney Princesses Essay examples1041 Words   |  5 PagesDisney princesses are fun for all ages, but their target audience is young children and â€Å"as children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced by what they see and hear†. Therefore, what they see and hear in Disney movies leaves an impression on them. The first princess, Snow White, was created in a time where each gender and race had a specific role in society. Recently, many believe that Disney has come a long way in regards to gender and race since Snow White, as several multi-cultural protagonistsRead MoreWalt Disney : An Issue With Race1543 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of eighty years Walt Disney has made a lot of movies. In these movies there are characters that dance, sing, and do things that normal people could not do. Their movies have been very profitable over the years; however, these movies have faced some serious issues. Walter Elias â€Å"Walt† Disney is the of the founder of The Walt Disney Company. He started off writing short little stories that could be ran in television and movie theaters. Some of these short stories wereRead MoreRacism Present In Disney/Pixar Films. For Many Parents,1587 Words   |  7 PagesRacism Present in Disney/Pixar Films For many parents, these Disney/Pixar movies are something nice they can show to their children, they grew up on many of them and they wish to share this joy with their kids as well. If one was to walk up and tell them â€Å"These movies are fairly racist, you should show them to your children lest they get the wrong idea!† in most cases, they will find them to be just a closet nutcase and ignore that like it never happened. Society and these movies have conditionedRead MoreEssay On Mickey Mouse Monopoly711 Words   |  3 Pagesand have memories when asked about anything relating to Disney. Kids grow up watching Disney movies and dreaming of going to Disney World. Disney has been seen as a symbol of innocence and imagination since its creation in the mid 1900’s. The video Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, Childhood, and Corporate Power was produced to highlight how racism and sexism can be seen throughout the Disney franchise. This video focuses on the Disney movies and how they can influence culture as they are consumedRead MoreAll s Not Well And Land Of The Lion King 1450 Words   |  6 Pages In the article â€Å"All’s Not Well In Land Of â€Å"‘The Lion King’†, Lazarus discusses how the movie: â€Å"The Lion King† negatively portrays society to children by using racism, homophobia, and social inequality. In American culture, racism and homophobia are both very common and controversial. Discrimination in today’s society is not primarily associated This essay is not completely effective because children do not yet understand social concepts and she did not have enough reasons to back up some of herRead MoreAll s Not Well And The Land Of The Lion King 1452 Words   |  6 Pages In the article â€Å"All’s Not Well In The Land Of â€Å"‘The Lion King’†, Lazarus discusses how the movie: â€Å"The Lion King† negatively portrays a society to children by using racism, homop hobia, and social inequality. In American culture, racism and homophobia are both very common and controversial. Discrimination in today’s society is not primarily associated This essay is not completely effective because children do not yet understand social concepts and she did not have enough reasons to back up some of

The Financial Crisi of the French Revolution - 3441 Words

How Serious Was The Pre-Revolutionary Financial Crisis Between 1786-88, And How Significant Was The Clash Between The Notables And Calonne In Failing To Solve It? On the twentieth of august 1786 Charles Alexandre de Calonne, comptroller-general of the royal finances, informed King Louis XVI that the state was on the verge of a financial meltdown. Whilst not having exact details to the financial figures to show the full extent of the problem, it is never the less recognized that France was in serious financial difficulty. What then did Calonne propose to sort this financial mess out? How was he to convince the King and the Notables that France was in financial danger and to give backing to his solutions? This essay will†¦show more content†¦Calonne raised approximately over 420 million livres from 1783-87. Yet he could hardly go on borrowing for short term investments when clearly what was needed were long term plans to help France recover. What was then the comptroller-general to do in sorting out this dire financial situation? Especially when so many options were closed to him. Calonne himself even stated to Louis: I shall easily show that it is impossible to tax further, ruinous to be always borrowing and not enough to confine ourselves to economical reformsÂ… the only effective remedy to take, the only true means of managing finally to put the finances truly in order, must consist in revivifying the entire State by recasting all that is vicious in the constitution.2 Put simply, Calonne had come to realize that the financial problems of France were so extraordinary, that they were beyond financial problems. What Calonne proposed to do was to rework the entire state: all institutions had to be revamped in order to save France from her financial crisis. He believed that the state needed comprehensive organization Ââ€" as a result he felt it necessary to reform the economy, the government and possibly society in France. Calonne states in his document to Loius: The disparity, the disaccord, the incoherence of the different parts of the monarchy is theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Sewell Ideology And Social Revolutions Summary935 Words   |  4 PagesIn his piece, â€Å"Ideologies and Social Revolutions†, William Sewell Jr. makes an argument that the 1789 revolution in France has as much to do about ideology than anything. Sewell makes his argument by looking at two central ideologies, the corporate monarchial and the Enlightenment ideologies. These two competing ideologies were key to the reasons behind the French Revolution. Before looking into the competing ideologies in the French Revolutions, Sewell first defines what an ideology is. IdeologyRead MoreEffects Of Nationalism In The French Revolution1501 Words   |  7 Pagesfor a nation were shared a language and history†. In case of France, the nationalism force was very effective and inevitable during the French revolution 1789. It was a great historical event brought many changes in France. Before the revolution, France was controlled by Ancient regime in which common people have had not freedom and rights. The financial crisis made by Louis XVI compelled to establishment of Estates General in which heavy taxes were imposed on third estate including common peoplesRead MoreAgainst the Monarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in the French Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution was a civil revolt that broke out in France against the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church, which lasted from 1789-1799. This resulted in th e establishment of France as a republic, democratic government and caused the Roman Catholic Church’s necessity, as well as its power to be questioned. The French Revolution ended the thousand-year rule of the monarchy in France and began when King Louis XVI gathered representatives from the 3 social groups called the ClergyRead MoreFactors Leading To The French Revolution Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pageswere the famous words of French Enlightenment thinker Jean Jacques Rousseau, but these simple words are also an example of the feelings and inevitable reality of most French people during the late eighteenth century. It was the writers, thinkers, and philosophers like Rousseau whose principles shaped the beginning of a monumental movement throughout Europe which eventually led to the French Revolution. The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason was a time in French history that is best characterizedRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pa gesThe French Revolution was incited by a variety of reasons. At the time, the government was in a serious deficit resulting in great taxations. They had spent huge sums of money on the French and Indian War, and the king and nobility consumed much money to keep up with their lavish lifestyles. In addition, there was a severe economic depression at the time. In areas of agriculture, manufacturing, and trade, there were great downturns. Also, revolutionary ideas were instilled within the people duringRead MoreNo One Factor Was Directly Responsible For The French Revolution1116 Words   |  5 PagesNo one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal oppression and fiscal mismanagement contributed to a French society that was ripe for revolt. The economical downturn may have been the kickstarter that began the revolution as the taxes rose higher and outrage at the crown heightened. The economy began to destabilise in the late 1700s, and the king decided to bring in financial advisers to look at the weakened French treasurey. Each adviser gave the king the sameRead MoreSaint Dominque And French Revolution1246 Words   |  5 PagesSaint-Dominque and French revolution played a part in each others revolution. Saint-Dominque is a refection of what is going on in France, because it is partially a revolution in France and against France. The French Revolution started as a debt crisis, turned in to a financial crisis, which spiraled in to political and social crises of the revolution. The French were already in debt and then decided to help the American Colonies in their revolt against the British which led to their debt crisis. The debtRead MoreThe Enlightment and the French Revolution1263 Words   |  6 PagesFrance during the 18th century, there was a system named the Ancien rà ©gime, which refers to the societal, economic and political structure of France before the French Revolution. At the top of the pyramid was the absolute monarch Louis XVI. He took the throne in 1774 and received it with problems that couldn’t be fixed. (French Revolution Overview 6) Below the king came the first estate which was made of 100,000 nobles. Then came the second estate was made of 300,000 clergy. Finally came the thirdRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution is often recognized as one of the most significant events in French history. The revolution was caused by a series of events leading to uproar fro m the French people demanding change. The main factors causing the french revolution are: debt from previous wars leading to the financial crisis, resentment of the nobility, influence of enlightenment ideas, a series of bad harvests and a weak monarch. These issues, along with the increased desire for equality among the french peopleRead MoreThe Reign of Louis the XVI Essay504 Words   |  3 Pagesto this. His actions before, during, and after the French Revolution greatly affected his fate. The French Revolution was a very important time period in European history. However, the situation in France under Louis XVI, was a negative one. France had great financial problems and it was infested with plagues of all sorts. A lot of the financial problems were because of the American Revolution, among many other wars. Because so much financial aid was given to armies in these wars, Louis XVI was

Slouching Toward Broad

Questions: 1.) Should broadband be left to the markets or should the government intervene? If so, how? If not, why not?2.) Why does Microsoft support Comcast and Cox in their bids for ATT Broadband, in addition to offering to support ATT Broadband? Why did both Intel and Microsoft help RBC disseminate DSL technologies? Answers: 1. Slow internet connection has been a problem for a long time and the emergence of broadband technology seem to solve the problem. However, broadband connectivity is threatened by government intervention through legislation and policies to govern the market. In this regard, the government should not intervene in broadband connectivity and leave it to the markets because government intervention can stifle competition that can reduce the prices of broadband in the market (Burgelman, Vadasz, Meza, pg 404). Moreover, it is important to note that lack of government intervention can also result to negative effects like a monopoly in the market. Nonetheless, there are companies in the market that are in better position to take advantage of new opportunities than others. Thus, it is not necessary for the government to intervene and disrupt the process of supply and demand. Additionally, government intervention can cut incentives of new upstart companies to start broadband connectivity. Moreover, government intervention can diminish the incentive of existing operators to take advantage of new opportunities in the market. The competition over prices that can ensure a stable market can weaken with government intervention thus producing fewer options and advantages to the customers. The effects of government intervention were evident when the Congress passed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that aimed to level the playing field in the telecommunication industry by providing information to the competitors (Burgelman et al. pg 405). Ideally, providing information to other internet service providers can result in an increase in the number of users that can reduce the transmission speed of the broadband connections. The congestion problem can result in reduced investments in broadband technology and affect the future access options for customers. Nonetheless , the internet access market is dynamic and competitive in that consumers have options in service providers, who provide different technologies at different rates and with different capabilities. Thus, it is not essential for the government to intervene and level the playing field. 2. The action to support Comcast and Cox in their bid for ATT was a result of their interest in supporting broadband connectivity. Moreover, Microsoft generated most of its revenues from selling personal computers. Thus, more broadband penetration can result in more sales because people will replace their old personal computer with new one that possesses high processing speed. At that time, many Americans opted for high-speed access offer by cable companies. Thus, Microsoft opted to support Comcast and Cox to enhance high-speed access through the purchase of new devices. Moreover, Microsoft and Intel supported RBOCs to develop DSL technologies to expand the consumer uptake for high-speed devices to expand the market share by selling more devices (Burgelman et al., pg 406). On the other hand, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology was gaining speed as it enabled users to access high-speed internet access using standard technologies through a wireless modem. Wi-Fi technology provided competition to DSL high-speed services. Moreover, Wi-Fi provides an option to access the internet through an access point (Hot Spot) without the need of a cable or broadband (Burgelman et al., pg 409). The Wi-Fi element provided competition that could hinder investment in DSL technology and thus the support of Microsoft for Comcast and Cox. References Burgelman A. Robert, Vadasz Les, and Meza Philip. (2004) "Slouching Toward Broad: Revisited in 2005. P 403-414. Book

Inequality and Criminal Justice

Question: Discuss about theInequality and Criminal Justice. Answer: Introduction Inequality is common a term, which is known to everyone, and is used frequently in the daily life. Every other person, irrespective on the country or locality they are in, has faced one or other form of inequality. Criminal justice system is not untouched by this menace of inequality. It has been often covered in various media sources that the criminal justice system, of a number of countries, also has to face this problem of inequality. In the following parts, the intersection between the inequality, as well as, the criminal justice, has been elucidated. In Canada, the matter of race and crime is amongst the most controversial issues. It has been often argued that the intersection of race, along with the lower class position is the reason behind the apparent disadvantage which is faced by a number of minority groups, especially in their dealings with the justice system, which contains the law enforcement, the courts, as well as, the corrections. The Toronto Star, in October 2002, started the publication of a whole series which contained articles on the theme of race and crime (Kwok 2008). The arrest data analysed by the Toronto Star, which was collected from the Toronto Police Service, clearly showed that the number of black people was way higher and they were highly over represented, especially in some specific offending categories which included serious violence, possession of drugs, and trafficking of drugs. This analysis revealed by the Toronto Star showed that the overrepresentation patter of the black people in the arrest data was consistent with the ideology that the law enforcement of Toronto was engaged in the racial profiling of the suspects. Further, the Toronto Star maintained that the people belonging to the minority groups were treated in a harsher manner, as compared to their white counterparts, after the arrest had been made (Kwok 2008). The Toronto Police vehemently denied all of the allegations made by the Toronto Star, regarding the racial bias. The Police Chief, the President of the Police Association, and even the Mayor denied that the Toronto Police was engaged in racial profiling (Kwok 2008). Though, the police failed to produce any concrete data which would support their statement. Inequality occurs in cases of racial profiling as the people of such groups faced a disparity in custom searches in border-crossings and at airports, stop-and-search practices, rise in patrolling of police in the neighbourhoods of minority and even sting operations which are targeted towards the specific ethnic or minority groups (Wortley and Tanner 2015). Not just in Canada, such incidents are prominent in the other countries also. For instance, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act in England make it necessary for the police to keep a record in writing about the racial background of such who have been subjected to the stop and search by the police (Wortley and Tanner 2015). And the statistics from 1997-1998 also revealed that a higher number of black people were stopped and searched as compared to Asians or Whites (Wortley and Tanner 2015). The same bias is present in the United States (Rosich 2007). This inequality is not confined to the race and ethnicity, it preludes gender too. The data provided by the Sentencing Commission of the US examined the interaction of the effects of race and gender over the sentencing outcome in the federal court, for the male, as well as, female lawbreakers (Doerner 2015). The findings based on this data clearly indicated that in comparison to the male offenders of the same category, the female offenders, throughout the ethnic, as well as, racial categories, received the sentences with less severe outcomes, even when the contextual, legal, as well as, extralegal factors were controlled. Even this study highlighted that the Black males received longer sentences and that the Hispanic makes were more prone to be incarcerated, in comparison to the White male offenders. Though, contrary to the expected results, the White females, as per the findings of the above data, were more prone to be incarcerated, in comparison to the Hispanic, as well as, Black females, plus they received a lot longer sentence in comparison to the latter group (Doerner 2015). The key quality for a criminal justice system to succeed is its fairness. If any unfairness is administered in the justice, the legitimacy of the system would be lost in the eyes of the general public, and the respect for the laws would be dispensed. A number of researches have determined that there is discrimination and inequality amongst the gender, and race of the people (Grossman and Roberts 2011). The above parts were able to highlight this inequality in the justice system of not only Canada, but countries like UK and US. And from this analysis, it can be concluded that there is indeed an intersection between the inequality and the criminal justice system. References Doerner K. Jill. 2015. The Joint Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity on Sentencing Outcomes in Federal Courts. Women Criminal Justice 25(5): 313-338. Grossman G. Michelle, and Roberts V. Julian. 2011. Criminal Justice in Canada: A Reader. Toronto: Nelson Education. Kwok Siu-ming. 2008. Daily Struggles: The Deepening Racialization and Feminization of Poverty in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press Inc. Rosich, Katherine J. 2007. Race, Ethnicity, and the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. Retrieved November 09, 2016 (https://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/images/press/docs/pdf/ASARaceCrime.pdf) Wortley Scot, and Tanner Julian. 2015. Discrimination or Good Policing? The Racial Profiling Debate in Canada. Our Diverse Cities. Retrieved November 09, 2016 (https://www.metropolis.net/pdfs/WortleyTanner_e.pdf)

A Wrinkle In Time Essays (821 words) - Time Quintet,

A Wrinkle In Time A Wrinkle in Time By Madeline L?Engle In Willstead town, in North Carolina strange things are happening. Do you want to know more? Well in A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine LEngle, a wonderful writer tells all the weird things that are happening. The setting of this story is on North Carolina, at the town of Willstead in the year of 2005. One day Margaret was left by the Aliens when she was two- months old at planet Earth, and was found by the Murries, a nice couple, that had one year of marriage. Several years had passed and Margaret grew up like a normal girl. Now she has twin brothers and a Collie dog. At school everybody thinks that she is a freak, but she is a ten-year-old girl, with beautiful eyes and a lot of intelligence. She is an alien but no one knows not even her. Margaret came to Earth by a computer fraud that caused a wrinkle in time. An old woman called Mrs. Whatsit came to Earth with a job to take Margaret back. She visits Margaret and buys her nice things to win Margarets confidence. Mrs. Whatsit lived in the middle of the woods. One day a robbery had been reported to the police. It was a missing blanket and the thief was Mrs. Whatsit because she needed a lot of warmth because planet Earth was too cold for them. The Tesseract that is the name of the species that Margaret and Mrs. Whatsit belong to. At school some rare people that were the same species of Margaret went to do a contest. Margaret won the contest but this was no contest this were a series of exams that they had to do to Margaret to see if she could live in her home planet and see if she was fit to live there. Mrs. Whatsit was there and after the exams she sat down Margaret and started telling everything about her species and how she got here. At first Margaret didnt believe it but afterwards she started understanding all the things she had passed through all alone with no one that could understand her. Mrs. Whatsit tells Margaret if she wants to go back where she is supposed to be and she stayed thinking and told her she would tell her later. Each day Mrs. Whatsit and Margaret went together to the park and Mrs. Whatsit told her everything about their planet. The Murries had planed a trip to the beach but Margaret preferred to stay at home; that was the perfect moment to take Margaret to see their planet. Mrs. Whatsit took out from her purse a small device pointed it to the sky and it opened like a tunnel that lead you exactly where you belonged. Suddenly they arrived to a beautiful green village that later on she could remember it whenever she wanted by closing her eyes. The people were kind of strange but very generous to the people they knew. It was time to leave and the next thing she remembered was the green. A month had passed and Margaret was ready to leave planet Earth she was writing a thank you note to the Murries because they wouldnt understand anything that was going on. Mrs. Whatsit was ready to leave. She was tired of wearing all those coats. They left the planet, now they were at home; she visited the tumbs of Her real parents every now and then. The problem with her original planet is that one month there is one year on Earth. Mrs. Whatsit and Margaret visit Earth every two months to see how the twins are doing, they are now eighteen years old, and Margaret is still twelve. My favorite part is when Margaret decides where she is going to live because this is an important decision to take when you are only ten years old. Her decision was very wise because there she would fell confortable with the people that surround her. My favorite part is when Margaret leaves the note for the Murries because I think that she had rather explained to them because in some way they would understand so that they had picked

The Script Writing of Ancient China

The Script Writing of Ancient China Ancient China is one of the places where writing appears to have developed independently, along with Mesopotamia, which developed cuneiform, and Egypt and the civilization of the Maya, where hieroglyphs developed. The earliest examples of ancient Chinese writing come from oracle bones at Anyang, a Shang Dynasty capital, and contemporary bronze inscriptions. There may have been writing on bamboo or other perishable surfaces, but they have, inevitably, disappeared. Although Christopher I. Beckwith thinks the Chinese may have been exposed to the idea of writing from Steppe nomads, the prevalent belief is that China developed writing on its own. Since the oracle bones belonging to the Shang dynasty were discovered, it is no longer doubted by sinologists that Chinese writing is an autochthonous and very ancient invention of the Chinese....The Use of Writing in Ancient China, by Edward Erkes. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Sep., 1941), pp. 127-130 Origins of Chinese Writing The Cambridge History of Ancient China, by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, says the likely date for the earliest oracle bones is about 1200 B.C., corresponding with the reign of King Wu Ding. This speculation is based on the earliest reference to the origins of writing, which dates to the 3rd century B.C. The legend developed that a scribe of the Yellow Emperor invented writing after noticing bird tracks. [Source: Francoise Bottero, French National Center for Scientific Research Chinese Writing: Ancient Indigenous Perspective.] Scholars in the Han Dynasty thought the earliest Chinese writing was pictographic, meaning the characters are stylized representations, while the Qing thought the first writing was of numbers. Today, the earliest Chinese writing is described as pictographic (picture) or zodiographic (graph of the name of the thing), words that for non-linguists mean similar things. As the writing of the ancient Chinese evolved, a phonetic component was added to the pi ctographic, as is true of the paired writing system of the Maya. Names of the Chinese Writing Systems Ancient Chinese writing on oracle bones is called Jiaguwen, according to AncientScripts, which describes the characters as pictographic. Dazhuan is the name of the script on Bronze. It may be the same as the Jiaguwen. By 500 B.C. the angular script that characterizes modern Chinese writing had developed in the form called Xiaozhuan. Bureaucrats of the Qin Dynasty used Lishu, a script still sometimes used. Pictographs and the Rebus During the Shang Dynasty, the writing, which was pictographic, could use the same graphic to represent homophones (words with different meanings that sound the same). Writing could be in the form of what is called a rebus. The rebus example AncientSites lists is two pictures together, one of a bee, and one of a leaf, to represent the word belief. Over time, signs known as determinative symbols were added to clarify the homophones, phonetic symbols were standardized, and symbols were put together to form new words. Chinese and the Sino-Tibetan Language Family Writing and spoken language are different. Period. The cuneiform of Mesopotamia was used to write a variety of languages, including languages from the Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic families. As the Chinese conquered their neighbors, their writing was exported to neighboring countries where it was applied to the indigenous languages. This is how the Japanese came to use Kanji. The spoken language of Chinese is thought to be a member of the Sino-Tibetan language family. This connection between Chinese and Tibetan languages is made on the basis of lexical items, rather than morphology or syntax. However, the similar words are only reconstructions of Old and Middle Chinese. Ancient Chinese Writing Implements According to Erkes (above), the usual objects used in writing were a wooden stylus, to write on wood with lacquer, and the brush and ink (or some other liquid) used to write on oracle bones and other surfaces. Inscriptions also produced Chinese scripts by means of tools that removed rather than wrote on surface material. Suggested Appreciation Activities for Chinese Writing Ancient writings seem so much more artistic than modern computer-generated script or the scrawls most of us now use when we need to leave a handwritten note. To appreciate the elegance of the ancient Chinese writing system, observe and try to emulate it: Try writing letters with a brush and ink.Compare the characters in a column of Chinese writing with Japanese Kanji preferably for the same text (possibly something connected with their shared religion of Buddhism)Look at old Chinese characters and rewrite them, then copy them without the determinatives. (The AncientScripts site has samples to work from.)

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources Assignment

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources - Assignment Example Many feel that the journalist crosses the line of credibility when they extend this confidentiality to the identity of the story’s source. They suggest that reporters use anonymous sources as a shortcut. It’s easier than using investigative techniques such as uncovering documented evidence and speaking to a larger number of people than solving an intricate but credible puzzle.  A journalist that wants their story to be believed uses at least two named sources in a story. Using just one source that is unknown to the reader, and sometimes the reporter, for the sake of sensationalism and competition is, unfortunately, becoming a common practice. Others, including responsible journalists, firmly believe that the use of confidential or anonymous sources by journalists is essential in providing the public with vital information. This is because certain potential sources in sensitive government or business positions would not be willing to offer information without the assur ance that their identity remains confidential. Many journalists view their job as a duty to inform the public regarding unscrupulous dealings by those who wield power over the public. Those that advocate free speeches argue that if the media employs the use of anonymous sources conscientiously in a genuine effort to generate credible stories, the significance of the information outweighs any apprehensions regarding the origination of those sources. Both lines of reasoning are valid yet each must admit the other’s weaknesses

German Defeat in the First World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

German Defeat in the First World War - Essay Example 1999). Things however turned out differently and this was the very first factor that led to Germany's eventual defeat. This article identifies and discusses this and other key factors that led to Germanys defeat in the First World War as well the reasons and impact of the United States entry into the war. Even though the defeat at Marne came very early into the war, its importance as a factor that led to Germanys defeat cannot be undermined. This is because it meant the failure of the Schlieffen's plan and a smash to any hopes of a quick victory and therefore a short war. The German force was not prepared for a lengthy war and by eliminating the possibility of a short war the chances of winning began to decrease. This was general and Helmuth Vou Mottke' biggest mistakes. Initial strategy of the Germans was to take France before Russia could mobilize effectively and then move by railroad and use united and excessive force on Russia. This would have allowed the Germany forces to take their enemies one by one. The Schlieffen plan had not anticipated later developments such as the three-day resistance by Belgium. The fast move by British authority to enter into war and the fierce resistance by the French army. All these factors slowed Germany's progress significantly and the effects of a lengthy war eventually wore them down. The war put a lot of strain on the Germany economy that heavily relied on external trade. Trade activities were strained to an extent that Germany experienced short supply of essential goods. These shortages led to the riots and the German mark devaluated greatly. The labor market was not left unscathed as the armed forces scrambled for all available human resources. All this could not be sustained in the long term. Increasing defeats. As the war progressed the German force continued to lose more and more manpower starting with the battle of Morne through to the battle of Verdun in February 1916. By 1918 the losses were monumental. This greatly affected the momentum of the war and morale of the German soldiers. The allies now outnumbered the earlier flamboyant German army. Starvation at home. As the war progressed Germany became more and more isolated in terms of external trade. This resulted in shortages of foodstuff especially wheat flour for bread. This problem became acute as the German mark devalued so much that the ordinary people could hardly afford to feed themselves. This put a lot of strain on the people and they began to be very discontent with the war. This discontent reached to the peak in 1918 and the government could no longer ignore the voices but was at loss as to the decision to take, whether to heed to the pressure from civilians mainly women or to continue holding on to the benefits of war and the status quo. Mutiny in the navy. Initially the Germany navy was largely underutilized. They used cruisers to launch a tax on the allied civilian ships. Later on in 1916 a battle called the battle of Jutland (battle skagerrak in German) turned into a full-scale naval war where German navy was pinned down by the superior British naval fleet. This left the Germany navy inactive

Finance for E-Business (Report) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Finance for E-Business (Report) - Essay Example BT Group plc is listed on stock exchanges in London and New York.† (btplc.com). The group has four (4) principal lines of business: BT Global Services; Openreach, BT Retail and BT Wholesale. The principal activities of the group include: â€Å"networked IT services, local, national and international telecommunications services, and higher value broadband and internet products and services† (btplc.com).) The ratios below and an explanation as to their use will indicate to you why this particular company’s share may or may not be recommended. However, as you will find out, there are limitations to these ratios. Profitability ratios are usually calculated in order to perform vertical analysis or to compare one year with another. These ratios include net profit margin and gross profit margin. Figures are also taken from the balance sheet and used for the calculation of specific ratios to determine how well the fixed assets were utilised. These ratios are known as asset management ratios. These include asset turnover ratios and return on capital employed. Shareholder or investment ratios such as return on equity, earnings per share and price earnings ratio are some of the other ratios that are useful here. A number of these ratios will be used to assess the financial performance of BT group over the past three (3) years. â€Å"It is impossible to assess profits or profit growth properly without relating them to the amount of funds (capital) that were employed in making the profits. The most important profitability ratio is therefore return on capital employed (ROCE), which states the profit as a percentage of the amount of capital employed† (BPP 2009) The figures above show the return on capital employed for the past three (3) years.. ROCE fell sharply from 11.86% in 2008 to 1.5% in 2009. However it increased in 2010 to 11.63%. These

Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen

Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen Alan Chan Since the Industrial revolution, there were great increases in emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulates, deteriorating air qualities more dominantly in industrial cities but also suburban areas and environments close by. Two of the very evident and dominant gases which cause much damage to our Earth include both sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen which when reacted with water turn acidic through acid rain such that SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(aq) and 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) > HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq). As shown, the reaction between the sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen form acidic solutions when reacted with water as they release hydronium ions which indicate their acidic natures. There are much of both (sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen) produced naturally and also industrially. Natural sources of sulfur dioxide contribute to of the total sulfur dioxide released to the atmosphere where it reacts with water and causes acid raid comes from activities of geothermal hot springs and volcanoes and the combustion of organic matter, eg bushfires and decomposition of organic matter. Natural sources of the oxides of nitrogen, such as nitric oxide is lightning. These oxides of N2 are generated by lightning such that atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen gases combine to form nitric oxide: O2(g) + N2(g) > 2NO(g) Then the nitric oxide slowly reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide: 2NO(g) + O2(g) > 2NO2(g) The above is the major natural source of nitrogen dioxide. And finally, nitrous oxide is formed naturally by the action of certain bacteria on nitrogenous material in soils. Main industrial origins of sulfur dioxide come from the combustion of fossil fuels (especially in power plants and motor vehicles). Smelting of sulphide ores during conversions of minerals to metals (such as lead, copper and zinc); incineration of garbage; petroleum refineries and industries using sulfur dioxide for production of sulfuric acid, production of paper, food processing and sewage treatment all contribute to the oxide of sulfur in the air. The main industrial origins of oxides of nitrogen include the large amounts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide is combustion, both in stationary sources (power stations) and moving ones (motor vehicles). At high temperatures in combustion chambers, oxygen and nitrogen from air combine to form nitric oxide, and then nitric oxide is slowly converted to nitrogen dioxide. Releases of nitrous oxides to the atmosphere include the increased uses of nitrogenous fertiliser which provides more raw material for the bacteria. In terms of concern for their release into the environment, there are many: Effects of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on human health ie; sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory system and causes breathing difficulties at concentrations as low as 1ppm. Effects of sulfur dioxide are magnified if particulates are present also. Nitrogen dioxide irritates the respiratory tract and causes breathing discomfort at concentration levels of about 3-5ppm and greater that causes tissue damage. Effects of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on the environment -> formation of acid rain H2O(l) + SO2 > H2SO3(g) and 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) > HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq) which contributes to the increasing acidity of lakes (aquatic animals hence), damage to forests (such as pine forests in parts of Europe and North America), erosion of the marble and limestone of building surfaces and decorations and severe damage to vegetation especially around mine and smelter sites. Even though this has happened very slowly over a long period of time, it is greatly concerning as these releases of gases will only increase as industries and mining in particular grows for the future. In the long term, these effects will become even more evident and greater and may be very difficult to restore or even slow down. As mentioned before, the main contributor to high sulfur dioxide levels comes from the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants and motor vehicles. Coal and petroleum products contain sulfur, which combines with oxygen in air to form sulfur dioxide. S(s) + O2(g) > SO2(g) Smelting of metal sulfides, eg copper sulphide, also produces sulfur dioxide. CuS(s) + O2(g) > SO2(g) + Cu(s) Nitrogen undergoes combustion to form nitrogen monoxide and dinitrogen monoxide. Fossil fuels and biomass contain nitrogen (in proteins), so they also burn to produce these oxides. N2(g) + O2(g) > 2NO(g) 2N2(g) + O2(g) > 2N2O(g) N2(g) + 2O2(g) > 2NO2(g) Nitrogen monoxide burns to produce nitrogen dioxide. 2NO(g) + O2(g) > 2NO2(g) Although we may hear a lot about the effects of sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen when reacted with water (acid rain), it is difficult to quantitatively state that oxides of sulfur and nitrogen have been increasing in the atmosphere because these oxides occur in relatively low concentrations, such as 0.01ppm, and the instruments used to measure these very low concentrations such as for SO2 have only been commercially available since the 1970s, so there is no reliable date for these gases before this time. However, analysis of gases found in Antarctic ice core samples by the CSIRO and the Australian Antarctic Division showed that levels of N2O in the atmosphere has increased by about 10%. Also, the increased burning of fossil fuels after the Industrial Revolution lead to a rise in oxides of sulfur, and evidence for this is the air quality of major industrial cities that deteriorated greatly. Increase in acid rain, which is mainly caused by acidic oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dissolved in water, eg SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(aq) which is acidic and 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) > HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq), of which both are acidic. This lead to the increasing damage to buildings, forests and aquatic organisms. Also, it was found that higher atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in industrial areas than in non-industrial areas. Although we do not have accurate measures of atmospheric oxides of sulfur and nitrogen taken over a long period of time, there is enough indirect evidence to conclude that significant increases in atmospheric concentrations of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen have indeed taken place, especially since industrial revolution With the aforementioned much dangerous particulates, sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen especially when reacted with water forming acid rain, it is very important to use indicators to determine if levels of pH in the environment are at damaging levels for organisms and growth of nature. A few of many every day uses of indicators include testing the pH (acidity/basicity) of water in aquariums and swimming pools, chemical wastes and soils. The testing of pH in the water of aquariums is extremely important as marine life are sensitive to changes in their water. If the water becomes too acidic or alkaline/basic, organisms including fish and plants may not be able to survive. A few drops of indicator can be placed in a sample of the water, or a pH paper already soaked in indicator can be used to measure the pH of the water. As swimming pools are widely used by the public, the pH of the water also needs to be monitored regularly as it needs to be kept at almost neutral to avoid skin and eye irritations. Adding chlorine (hypochlorite ion) is one way to control acidity and stop algae from growing. The testing of pH will be similar to that of the testing of pH of water in aquarium. Other than the public interactive environments, there are also chemical wastes which are produced industrially. The waste solutions from industries are tested before they are pumped into rivers or seas as they tend to be highly acidic. The pH of the wastes must be neutralised or they can be very harmful to the environment. The pH of chemical wastes is also measured by indicators, and substances are added to neutralise it. Many plants only tolerate a narrow pH range, so the soil has to be tested regularly to ensure its survival. A way of testing the pH is to place a neutral white powder (such as barium sulfate or calcium sulfate) on top of moist soil, and then place a few drops of universal indicator on it. The powder then absorbs the moisture from the soil allowing the colour of the indicator to be clearly seen. Other than sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen when reacted with water which produces acid rain eg SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(aq) and 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) > HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq) and hence affecting society and environment, there are many other naturally occurring acids and bases. Some commonly known naturally occurring acids include hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid. Hydrochloric acid HCl is produced by the glands in the lining of our stomachs to form an acidic environment for the breaking of complex food molecules by the enzymes. Acetic acid CH3-COOH such that vinegar is about 4% solution of acetic acid and helps to preserve food. It is produced naturally by the bacterial action on alcohol in air. Citric acid C6H8O7 is widespread in plant and animal tissue, especially in citrus fruit. It is also formed in our bodies during cellular respiration. Ascorbic acid C6H8O6 also known as vitamin C is present in fresh fruits and vegetables. It is involved in many metabolic pathways and has an important role in healing, blood cell formation and tissue growth. There are also many naturally occurring bases which may include ammonia, metallic oxides and carbonates. Ammonia NH3 is present in the stale urine of humans and other animals. It is also formed through the anaerobic decay of organic matter. Metallic Oxides such as iron(III) oxide, copper oxide and titanium (IV) oxides are insoluble and are solid bases found in minerals. Carbonates such as calcium carbonate CaCO3 is found naturally as limestones. As shown, there are many naturally occurring acids and this has been used to our advantage in homes such as using them as food additives. Acids are used as food additives to improve the taste and/or to preserve them. This is because many bacteria cannot survive in acidic conditions and if the acid used is weak enough and not harmful for human consumption, this will allow food to last over a period of time. Common acids for this use include acetic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid. Acetic acid(vinegar), phosphoric acid and citric acid is used to improve taste. Propanoic acid is used as a preservative in bread. Another advantage of having many acids is the use of them to make esters, which are â€Å"compounds formed when alkanoic acids react with alkanols, or more generally, when carboxylic acids combine with alcohols.† â€Å"Esters have pleasant, fruity odours and occur widely in nature as perfumes and flavouring agents†, hence its use as food additives, artificial fruit essences and in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics. As flavours, it is a combination of crude taste (sweet, salt, bitter) and odour, and it is these odours which contribute to flavours. It is easier to mass-produce these synthetic esters for use as flavours and perfumes in processed foods and cosmetics than to use naturally occurring ones and they represent little health hazards as â€Å"they contain only substances that occur in natural flavours†. Overall, our environment is acidic as shown through the need to test the pH in our waters and soils, which was caused by sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and particulates released into the atmosphere where it reacts with water releasing hydronium ions through acid rain. These acids are very damaging to our society and environment in the long term as discussed through their lowering pH levels in waters, soils and corrosion of buildings. However, advantages of having acids were also discussed; being used to preserve foods, improve their tastes and using them as esters. The negative effects of acids may seem to outweigh the positive effects on a much wider scale but there are nonetheless both many advantages alongside the disadvantages which benefit our society and are essential to our everyday lives. Bibliography Excel HSC Chemistry – Jim Stamell – Reprinted 2012; P69-70 Conquering Chemistry HSC Course Fourth Edition – Roland Smith; P121-126,131-133. Module 3: The Acidic Environment Theory Notes HSC Chemistry – Johnson for Irwin’s Atoms 2003

Trade Protectionism Put to the Test Essay -- Essays Papers

Trade Protectionism Put to the Test The idea behind trade protectionism as policy is that domestic industry cannot or should not have to compete with imports from foreign producers and that domestic workers’ jobs are at risk when trade is unrestricted. Most economists, and a large portion of the public would agree when looking at the big picture that free trade is positive for importers and exporters, as well as consumers. The very basic theories of comparative advantage, specialization and trade make a compelling argument for trade without barriers. Trade based on comparative advantage produces higher outputs for both importers and exporters, higher quality of goods, lower prices, greater varieties of goods from which to select, and an overall greater sense of economic well-being. The disadvantages of implementing quotas, tariffs, or other forms of barriers to trade far outweigh any perceived advantages. There are cases to prove that more jobs are actually lost under protectionism than saved. Historicall y, trade barriers result in higher prices to consumers, higher taxes (taxes on imported goods as well as those to cover additional bureaucratic infrastructure to force compliance with trade restrictions), developing counties that have no way to repay debt as their ability to export is squashed, and trade wars that have proven a deterrent to world peace. This paper will look at the evidence that trade protectionism has an overwhelmingly harmful effect on developing countries. It creates and rewards inefficiency in the marketplace. It benefits only special interest groups while the masses are forced to pay higher prices for lesser quality and choice. The costs (both monetary and non-monetary) far outweigh any benefi... ...some military conflicts. During the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe, mercantilism led to nonstop wars in efforts to expand empires and build larger markets. The American Revolution and the Civil War can be said to have many issues at their core, not lease of which were tariffs and export restrictions. In 1930, the Smoot-Hawley Act, was signed by President Hoover and raised tariffs (some as much as 100%). What followed were similar trade restrictions implemented by other countries. This was followed immediately by the Great Depression and then by World War II. Obviously, these historical examples do not represent empirical data to connect trade protectionism to war and unrest. However, it is enough to give pause for thought to consider the possibility that trade restriction policies (and those created in retaliation) may create and feed hostility and ill will.

French Imperialism in Vietnam

The average person in France was unaware of conditions in their African colonies. And the same can be said concerning French rule in Vietnam, where the French were equally oppressive. In the late nineteenth century, the French overthrew a feudal monarchy and fought long, extended military campaigns against resistance to their rule. Many of Vietnam's educated elite opposed French rule and would not work for the French, but the French found a few opportunistic Vietnamese who would. In Vietnam, and elsewhere in Indochina, Frenchmen grabbed lands, and they built plantations that produced rubber and other forest products.In the first decade of the twentieth century, France's colonial administration in Vietnam encouraged French commercial enterprises. They built railways, roads and hydraulic works to serve these enterprises. Vietnam was a thickly populated, predominately peasant society, but projects that would have served Vietnamese farmers were ignored. Vietnam's farmers continued to suf fer from the usual droughts and floods. Per capita rice consumption declined. And what had been Vietnam's handicraft industry was destroyed.A new class of Vietnamese had come into being: people who labored for the French as servants, or who labored in French-owned mines, on French-owned plantations, at French construction sites or in French-owned factories. The French paid them as little as they could — hardly enough for survival, and sometimes not enough. As in Africa, the French were taxing the Vietnamese and drafting them to labor on public works. On one such project — the Hanoi-Yunnan Phu railway — 25,000 Vietnamese died. Conditions in Vietnam in general were creating a decline in Vietnam's population.The French in Vietnam established a monopoly in the production of salt, alcoholic beverages and opium. They taxed consumption of these. They encouraged Vietnamese to buy their opium, and money gained from their opium trade was an important part of the colonial administration's income. A French company, Fontaine, held a monopoly in making and selling alcoholic beverages in Vietnam, and all other distilling was banned and severely punished with imprisonment and confiscation of property. And in 1902 the colonial administration made buying alcoholic beverages compulsory, eachVietnamese village having to consume a definite quantity in proportion to its population — more of the behavior that French commerce and government dare not perpetrate on people in France. In 1908, Vietnamese farmers responded to a rise in taxes by marching to the French administration headquarters. For weeks, thousands of peasants picketed the governor's office in Hue and made passionate speeches, not only against taxes but forced labor. The protest spread, and the French countered with ferocity. Demonstrators were gunned down.Whole villages were razed to the ground. Thousands were arrested, and two Vietnamese scholars who had spoken against French policies were e xecuted. But in Vietnam and Africa, while French commercial operations were benefiting privately owned French companies, revenues from France's colonies were not paying the cost of maintenance and administration. Average French taxpayers — like British taxpayers — were subsidizing their nation's colonies. -________________________________________________________________________________________________

How did the gold rushes change colonial Australia

How did the gold rushes change colonial Australia In the history of nations that throve on the territories of North America and Australia, the nineteenth century is marked by a series of gold rushes that forever changed the ways of development in economical as well as political and social spheres.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How did the gold rushes change colonial Australia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although in Australia minor gold deposits had been discovered already in early nineteenth century, it was only in the 1850s that mass hysteria and search for gold started, acquiring the name of the Victorian gold rush, after the state most abundant in gold. The events connected with the Victorian gold rush transformed colonial Australia by dramatically increasing its population, restructuring the economic system, and promoting a new sense of identity among the nation. The first and the most obvious transformation Australia underwent as a result of the 1850s g old rush was the immense growth of the population quantity due to immigration rates. Rumors of Australian gold spread in the twinkling of an eye, and the white Australian population which had comprised only 77 thousand people before 1851, rapidly increased by over 370 thousand in only the first year of the rush and constituted 540 thousand people by 1854 (Gold Oz, n. d.). More settlers arrived to Australia in the several beginning years of the Victorian gold rush than there were prisoners brought to the continent from Britain. By the year 1871, Australian population had trebled from 430,000 in 1851 to 1.7 million in 1871 (Australian Government Culture Portal, 2007). Such dramatic increase in population quantity had its consequences both for the economic and political life of Australia. Large-scale immigration brought about the ever-growing need of Australian population for developing agriculture, manufacturing, and construction industries. On the other hand, those industries faced h ard times due to the fact that laborers fled to the areas where gold was discovered and thus left their work unattended. Agriculture was in fact one of the spheres most negatively affected by the events of the Victorian gold rush. For one thing, tillers inspired by perspectives of fast enrichment, left their farms behind, abandoning the land for the sake of gold mining. Other farmers switched their production from wheat to meat and tallow, which were more in demand in the domestic market (Attard, 2008). For another thing, sheep wool which had been Australia’s major export product in the first half of the nineteenth century, was replaced by gold, since the latter appeared a more attractive and valuable source of enrichment for the British Empire (Attard, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reply to the incredible wealth shipped by Australia, the country profited fr om a large amount of imports and business investment to it (Gold Oz, n. d.). The two major states where the largest deposits of gold had been discovered, Victoria and New South Wales enjoyed an improved system of transportation with the building of the first railroad, and the rudimentary mining techniques were quickly optimized to more modern capital-intensive forms of gold-mining by large companies (Cultural Heritage Unit, 2010). Together with economic benefits, Australian gold rush brought about a number of serious developmental issues to the country. With the land overcrowded by hundreds of thousands of new migrants, it was vital to provide people with appropriate living conditions. For this purpose, large-scale building projects were launched that satisfied the need for housing for the generation of the gold-diggers and their children later on, in the 1880s. The impulse in technology given by the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s helped Australia survive the severe economic depre ssion of the late nineteenth century (Attard, 2008). Simultaneously with economic development, population expansion during the gold rush inspired major social and political changes in the nineteenth-century Australia. The people who arrived to the country were no more exclusively criminals. Rather, the colony was seen as a land of new opportunities, and therefore the practice of providing criminals with a free ticket to wealth was ceased. Not only the British, but also German, French, Italian, and even American people came to seek luck in the gold mines of Australia (Gold Oz, n. d.). This turned the country into a multinational ‘melting pot’ distinguished by diversity of men united by a common ambitious idea of coining their own happiness. Huge masses of people demanded new way of organization and government that would correspond to the newly-arisen sense of being in control of their own destiny and building a self-governed democratic state. Principles of fair treatment and camaraderie led the new Australians to forming small mining clans which in the 1852 Eureka Stockade won the case against unfair mining licensing system. Two years later, another major rebellion resulted in giving the right to vote to the miners, providing more opportunities for buying land, and reforming the administration of goldfields (Gold Oz, n.d.). These events marked the birth of Australian democracy. Australian gold rush of the nineteenth century proved to provide a major impulse for developments both in economic and social spheres of the country. The drastic increase in population caused by mass immigration of the 1850s spurred not only technological innovations but also the establishments of democracy in the land that is now known for unprecedented cooperation and mutual support among its citizens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How did the gold rushes change colonial Australia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re Reference List Attard, Bernard. 2008. â€Å"The Economic History of Australia from 1788: An Introduction†. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. Web. Australian Government Culture Portal. 2007. The Australian Gold Rush. Web. Cultural Heritage Unit. 2010. Electronic Encyclopedia of Gold in Australia. Web. Gold Oz. n. d. The History of Gold in Australia. Web.

Tecno and R&B essays

Tecno and R&B essays Music has always held a special place in m heart. Everything from R Every morning I am getting ready for school or work, I have the heart-pounding bass of Techno blaring out of the speakers of my computer. Whether or not it is DJ Sammy and Do teaming together to form the unbelievably sweet, but loud song titled Heaven or it is DJ Encore with his song I See Through to You, it wakes me up and prepares me for the day that lies ahead. Most Techno songs are instrumental, but the ones that have lyrics are somewhat romantic in its own way. For instance, Gigi DAgostino did a superb job when he released the single Ill Fly with you. Not only did he do a wonderful job bringing all of the sounds together, but he did an excellent job with the lyrics as well. Ill Fly with You is a song about a couple that wants to grow to love each other despite what one or the other has done in their life. Another example of an upbeat love son is Heaven by DJ Sammy, Do, and Yanou. Bryan Adams originally wrote Heaven. DJ Sammy, a well-known dick jockey from Spain, teamed up with Yanou to mix the music for the ...

Employment Conditions and Impacts of New Technologies Essay

Employment Conditions and Impacts of New Technologies - Essay Example From a wider perspective, a nation’s human capital lays the parameters for success. Creativity is also increasingly becoming a chief strategic asset that boosts the economy, to grow, while still determining thriving amalgamation, into the rapidly altering world economy. Technically, broadcasting is a specific and somehow easy business comprising of sound and view transmissions to the audiences. Development in television in the future relies on the rise of medium throughput, possibility to integrate conventional and internet broadcasters, and generate fresh products that will result in integrating all Medias. Although these updates tend to be expensed intensive, they ensure quick return on investments. Journalism and the media in general have been central in embracing new technology, which has caused influential changes, in the employment conditions. The creative industry concept has its origin in Australia, but much significance was attributed to it by UK policy makers, when t he creative industries unit and  the task were set up. It is an indication of a shift in approach to probable commercial activities from the initial cultural industries. Howkins (2002, 98), has described key roles of Intellectual property classifying them into trademarks, copyright, patents and the ultimate product’s design configuration. ... rise the faction of creative industries, which vary from upstream actions, such as conventional arts, performing, literature and visual arts to the downstream activities which involve design, advertising and other media connected activities (Cunningham, 2005, 285). Therefore, creativity is resulting into being a significant input, employed in the production procedure of products, as it is deployed with a specifically high level of professional particularity. These results to activities referred to as the creative industries such as the IT advancements. These creative industries have contributed to an estimated seven percent world GDP according to the World Bank. Furthermore, according to the UK department for culture media and sports creative industries are already generating over ?110 billion of revenues and employed 1.3 million employees. Numerous other developed nations’ including Canada, Sweden, and Australia have also managed to triumph in applying their foothold, in thes e industries, and they are progressively achieving a gateway, to the novel information economy. Creative industries are immensely contributing to employment creation, and export progression in most leading developing nations; however, currently their potential is broadly unrealized. Fundamentally, they are indeed always correlated with a wobbly structure of job security, with stumpy value added and restricted export earnings. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement to modernize the sector and also strengthen the local capacities such that they augment their contribution to the creation of income thus contributing to reducing poverty. According to UNCTAD continuing research, industries from the creative sector are not only generating more labor and capital or even the conventional

Esaay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Esaay - Essay Example Motel Burundi is a new business which has never been operation in any country or region. After being established, Motel Burundi will operate as a vacation resort with the intent of attracting tourist and workers employed by different non-governmental organizations. The resort will only be functional during specific seasons of the year. However, the lodging sector will operate fully round the year and will open for locals and visitors throughout the week. Motel Burundi will be designed to accommodate master beds with humble space to allow for three sitter chair to be positioned and a kitchenette. It will also have a fully functional restaurant where different delicacies and meals will be provided at the customer’s request. In addition, Motel Burundi will have an in built bar and dance floor, which will cater for entertainment purposes and an effective, fully functional dating agency to offer hookups for single souls visiting the Motel. Motel Burundi target market strategy is to become a destination choice for both locals and international visitors paying Bujumbura a visit for one reason or another. The motel will expect an increase in sales as currently there is no serious motel which provides stiff competition in the hotel market. The motel Burundi statement mission will be to provide an outstanding hotel and lodging facility for all guests visiting the motel. The Motel will focus on personal businesses and group meetings by putting an emphasis on high quality standards in the rooms, bars, foods and dance floor. In addition, Motel Burundi will provide a fair investment return for the owners and all stakeholders responsible for its daily operations. Motel Burundi will be located in Bujumbura the capital city of Burundi. It will be a corporation owned and operated by the sole owner who will also act as the chief Executive Officer; Motel Burundi will be acquired and

Ducati Essay Example for Free

Ducati Essay Patrick EnglandDucati individual write up #3 Management 495 2/7/2012 Can Ducati sustain its position in the sport segment? Can Honda and other Japanese manufactures stop its growth in this segment? The ability for Ducati to sustain its position in the sport segment of motorcycles is going to depend on management’s ability to stay focused on keeping their image and story alive and in the minds of the motorcycle community. If management continues its current trend I believe that they can sustain their position, although there are challenges posed by the Japanese firms and changes in Ducati itself can also play a role in their ability to maintain their growth and position as the high end advanced sport bikes. Ducati’s decision to move from a mechanical company to an entertainment company could be the source of its success or its failure. The company to this point in 2001 had become known for their exotic engineering and design, focusing on beating the completion by any means, even if it involved producing a bike that many might call ugly or not the traditional motorcycle, so Ducati was running the risk of turning away the very customers and removing the image that had built them to the company they had become. But the decision made by Minoli, to become more of an entertainment company and to produce products that could be attractable by a wider variety of customers could also spur growth and market share that the company desperately wanted and needed if it was going to continue to compete with the Japanese bikes. I believe that if the management at Ducati can continue to make this â€Å"turnaround† hold and follow through with the goals laid out in it, then yes they can sustain their position, although any deviation or getting lack in the respects of implementing these long term goals will in my opinion hurt them greatly, for it is the image and the brand that Ducati represents that makes their products wanted. If they try too hard to copy the functions and company structure of competitors they very well may be destroying their core competitive advantage of image and product uniqueness. Japanese manufactures have been pushing hard in the sport market and have the capital and business structure to make a full fledge effort to take market share in the sport division. Honda and others have the ability to mimic the aspects of Ducati that have made them so revered by customers (mainly new technology and exotic styling) while still maintain their reliability and cost advantage. They will still continue to struggle with the â€Å"cookie cutter† image that has plagued them throughout their history, and I believe that if they can try to separate products in their sport division and create the image of uniqueness and exoticness that people associate with Ducati, then they definitely can pose a serious threat.

Movie Version of Grapes Of Wrath - The People and the Depression :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Movie: The Grapes Of Wrath - The people and the Depression In the movie The grapes of Wrath, the Joads undergo the hit of the depression, they have to leave their farm. They go to California for jobs, but find there are few jobs, and it pays little, or at least less then what they were told. The government tried to start programs to house and employ people like the Joads. Since the people who already lived in the cities in which these developments were put didn't want them there anyway, they tried to start a riot and have the police Arrest them. Although in the movie the plan was foiled, it could have worked in many other places, or the towns folk could have just created a lynch mob, and eventually the people living in the development would leave. I believe that the economic situation of the country has a great effect on the fall, or succession of people like the Joads, but I don't believe government programs will effect them at all. For example, the great depression was a major economical event, and it greatly effected more then just people like the Joads, but programs like the public works administration which employed people for government construction projects. Another program, the Works Progress Administration, later called the Works Projects Administration was created to develop relief programs, and to keep a person's skills. From 1935- 1943, it employed 8 million people, and spent 11 billion dollars. But in 1939, there were still 9.5 million still unemployed. Another program was the Civilian Conservation Corps. Unemployed, unmarried young men were enlisted to work on conservation and resource-development projects such as soil conservation, flood control, and protection of forests and wildlife. These men were provided with food, lodging, and other necessities, and were given a small monthly salary. Another program was the CWA, the civil works administration. It employed more then 4 million workers to build and repair roads, and teach in schools, were just a couple of the jobs. Some of these programs would work temporarily, but eventually there would be no more work to do, or the government would run out of funds. All these programs were hated by some, and loved by others, and some just didn't care. The business men that were lucky enough not to lose everything, and the other employees working in the cities who still had jobs during the depression didn't like these new programs. In the movie, The Grapes Of Wrath, The towns people didn't like the government funded version of a "Hooverville".

Othello Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Othello by William Shakespeare is a play about a black general who is alone in being black. No one else in either Venice or Cyprus is from Africa as the Moorish Othello is. In fact, with such a high position in the Venetian military, Othello appears to fit right into the role as general; his race is almost of an invisible quality. His race seems invisible because his nobility and the respect others have for him transcend the mistreatment that he might receive in being so physically different. However, this play is not free of racism or noticing race and its connotations. Othello does not truly have a race until he either manifests himself into his race or others choose to notice it. Thus, race is a latent quality in Othello, one not fully apparent until he gets too personal with the fair-skinned people around him and they reject him or he feels rejected and searches for reasons. The important people in Venice replace the awareness of Othello’s race with the great respect that they have for him, which entails that Othello’s capabilities far surpass any racist feelings others feel for him. Iago, who is Othello’s false ensign, even says that he cannot outwardly appear to hate Othello because it would do nothing to get rid of him: each person in Venice needs his skills as a general. Yet, reading what Iago says helps to see what might be the common voice for the other fair-skinned characters in this play on how race and rank interact: â€Å"To be produced †¦ Against the Moor for I do know, the state, However this may gall him with some check, Cannot with safety cast him; for he’s embark’d With such loud reason to the Cyprus wars, which even now stand in act, that for their souls, Another of his fathom th... ...whose solid virtue The shot of accident nor dart of chance Could neither gaze nor pierce?† (67) Lodovico questions Othello’s sufficiency, nature, and virtue. The senate obviously saw all of those things in Othello since they told them to Lodovico but Othello is much changed at this point in the story: he does not feel like the general so does not act like one and in turn loses all of his human qualities. The last step in the characters recognizing Othello for whom they expect him to be comes when Lodovico says â€Å"O thou Othello†¦wert once so good, [but] Fall’n in the practice of a damned slave† (89). The transition is smooth in Lodovico’s mind: he once was the noble general whose skills surpassed his limitations and now he practices the skills of what he truly is, a damned slave.

Rising Petrol Prices

Rising petrol prices 1) When and how did the cost of petrol start to rise? 2) Are there anybody else who is involved other than the drivers of motor vehicles? 3) Can we overcome the rising costs of petrol 4) Are there any advantages of the rising of petrol costs at all 5) How does the rising costs of petrol affect the Demand, Supply, Employment and Income section of the cycle Petrol prices have been continually soaring throughout the decades with GST (goods and service tax), the level of demand, the gulf war and the fact that we are running out of it being the main factors. In some cases the level and extent of competition of petrol companies in a particular location may also be a factor. Motor Vehicle drivers aren’t the only ones who’s suffering from expensive petrol, Aviation companies are also effected, recent surveys have shown that 28% of aviation companies prefer going for a more direct routing to their destinations, 40% found flying at slower speeds to save petrol, 19% cut back on hours flown, 15% started tankering fuel (getting it while it is at a lower price to save money). We certainly cannot overcome the rising of petrol prices but people in Australia and around the world are trying to help by changing their driving habits, using public transport more often and coming up new ways to make cars more fuel efficient. It is quite obvious what the disadvantages are when it comes to talking about the rising costs of petrol but when it comes to advantages I think that people are starting to cut back on shopping sprees, dinner dates and night outs because they want to save money and use it for petrol. There are also fewer teens on the roads because most of them obviously can’t afford petrol when the prices are this high which means that there are less drunk road accidents. A lot of people are also losing weight as a result of using bicycles to save petrol. ———————– A lot of people in the world want oil all at the same time. Oil reserves are running low on Fuel. (Oil supply do not meet demand expectations) They do not make as much money Employment stays the same DEMAND (goes up) Supply Employment Income

Free Essays on Seven Habits

Seven Habits: Improving Ourselves The book, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People written by Stephen Covey is an excellent book and compliments everything that we have studied this semester. His book is an enhancing book based on personal experiences, tips, and suggestions on how to better our lives. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People begins with the wise observation that people perceive the world differently, and because we view the world with our own unique "lens," it is difficult to separate the observation from the observer. Covey says that we all have our own paradigm, which is our own map of how we perceive the world and how we think the world should be in our ideal view. Covey writes, "The way we see things are the source of the way we think and the way we act" (Covey et al, 1989). Covey reveals ways of changing by providing a seven-step approach, which will give a positive accent to your life. Covey’s seven habits are: Be Proactive, Begin With the End in Mind, Put First Things First, Think Win/Win, Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood, Synergize, and lastly Sharpen the Saw. Habits one, two, and three relate to private victory with habit four, five, and six relating to public victories and habit seven being involved with renewal. According to Covey, Habit one, Be Proactive, explains our ability to take charge of our lives. We have the ability to take charge, plan ahead, and focus our energies on things we can control instead of reacting to or worrying about things over which we have little or no control. Being proactive is determined by principles. Principles are how you treat other people, how to listen to people, how you build trust, how to seek win-win relationships and being genuinely happy when other people succeed. No matter what the world outside is like or what your mood is you still hold true to your principles. Being proactive also means that yo... Free Essays on Seven Habits Free Essays on Seven Habits Seven Habits: Improving Ourselves The book, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People written by Stephen Covey is an excellent book and compliments everything that we have studied this semester. His book is an enhancing book based on personal experiences, tips, and suggestions on how to better our lives. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People begins with the wise observation that people perceive the world differently, and because we view the world with our own unique "lens," it is difficult to separate the observation from the observer. Covey says that we all have our own paradigm, which is our own map of how we perceive the world and how we think the world should be in our ideal view. Covey writes, "The way we see things are the source of the way we think and the way we act" (Covey et al, 1989). Covey reveals ways of changing by providing a seven-step approach, which will give a positive accent to your life. Covey’s seven habits are: Be Proactive, Begin With the End in Mind, Put First Things First, Think Win/Win, Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood, Synergize, and lastly Sharpen the Saw. Habits one, two, and three relate to private victory with habit four, five, and six relating to public victories and habit seven being involved with renewal. According to Covey, Habit one, Be Proactive, explains our ability to take charge of our lives. We have the ability to take charge, plan ahead, and focus our energies on things we can control instead of reacting to or worrying about things over which we have little or no control. Being proactive is determined by principles. Principles are how you treat other people, how to listen to people, how you build trust, how to seek win-win relationships and being genuinely happy when other people succeed. No matter what the world outside is like or what your mood is you still hold true to your principles. Being proactive also means that yo...

Free Essays on Hamlet And Insanity

, that, very far form being mad, he is perfectly capable of recognizing his enemies. Beneath his strange choice of imagery involving points of the compass, the weather, and hunting birds, he is announcing that he is calculatedly choosing the times when to appear mad. The dictionary defines sanity as â€Å"soundness of mind† and I will prove that Hamlet is sane through many examples that show of his soundness of the mind. Hamlet warned his friends he intended to fake madness, but Gertrude as well as Claudius saw through it, and even the slightly dull-witted Polonius was suspicious. His public face is one of insanity however, in his private moments of soliloquy, through his confidences to Horatio, and in his careful plans of action, we see that his madness is assumed. Samuel Johnson, a well respected author , has â€Å"no doubt that the hero’s ‘madness’†¦was merely ‘pretended’†(Neill, 309). After the Ghost’s first appearance to Hamlet, Hamlet decides that when he finds it suitable or advantageous to him, he will put on a mask of madness so to speak. He confides to Horatio that when he finds the occasion appropriate, he will â€Å"put an antic disposition on† (1.5.172). Mark Van Doren poins out in his book â€Å"Shakespeare,† that Hamlet’s â€Å"antic disposition† is used â€Å"as a device for seeming mad† (162). This strategy gives Hamlet a chance to find proof of Claudius’ guilt and to contemplate his revenge tactic. Although he has sworn to avenge his father’s murder, he is not sure of th... Free Essays on Hamlet And Insanity Free Essays on Hamlet And Insanity â€Å"I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw† (2.2.338-9). This is a classic example of the â€Å"wild and whirling words† (1.5.133) with which Hamlet hopes to persuade people to believe that he is mad. These words, however, prove that beneath his â€Å"antic disposition,† Hamlet is very sane indeed. Hamlet is saying that he knows a hunting hawk from a hunted â€Å"handsaw† or heron in other words, that, very far form being mad, he is perfectly capable of recognizing his enemies. Beneath his strange choice of imagery involving points of the compass, the weather, and hunting birds, he is announcing that he is calculatedly choosing the times when to appear mad. The dictionary defines sanity as â€Å"soundness of mind† and I will prove that Hamlet is sane through many examples that show of his soundness of the mind. Hamlet warned his friends he intended to fake madness, but Gertrude as well as Claudius sa w through it, and even the slightly dull-witted Polonius was suspicious. His public face is one of insanity however, in his private moments of soliloquy, through his confidences to Horatio, and in his careful plans of action, we see that his madness is assumed. Samuel Johnson, a well respected author , has â€Å"no doubt that the hero’s ‘madness’†¦was merely ‘pretended’†(Neill, 309). After the Ghost’s first appearance to Hamlet, Hamlet decides that when he finds it suitable or advantageous to him, he will put on a mask of madness so to speak. He confides to Horatio that when he finds the occasion appropriate, he will â€Å"put an antic disposition on† (1.5.172). Mark Van Doren poins out in his book â€Å"Shakespeare,† that Hamlet’s â€Å"antic disposition† is used â€Å"as a device for seeming mad† (162). This strategy gives Hamlet a chance to find proof of Claudius’ guilt and to contemplat e his revenge tactic. Although he has sworn to avenge his father’s murder, he is not sure of th...

Short, Wise Quotes About Life

Short, Wise Quotes About Life Wisdom need not always be verbose. In fact, some of the wisest, most memorable quotes by famous people are pretty darn short, yet they pack a lot of meaning in their punch. Keeping it short works well probably because of K.I.S.S.: Keep it simple, stupid. George Bernard Shaw: Life isnt about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself. Eleanor Roosevelt: You must do the things you think you cannot do. Frank Lloyd Wright: The truth is more important than the facts.​​ Mother Teresa: If you judge people, you have no time to love them. Lucille Ball: Love yourself first, and everything else falls into place. Stephen Colbert: Dreams can change. If we’d all stuck with our first dream, the world would be overrun with cowboys and princesses. Oprah Winfrey: Failure is another stepping-stone to greatness. Stephen Hawking: Be curious. Mother Teresa: If you cant feed a hundred people, then feed just one. William Shakespeare: Love all, trust a few.​ Michelle Obama: Success isnt about how much money you make. Its about the difference you make in peoples lives. Wayne  Gretzky: You miss 100 percent of the shots you dont take. Gabrielle Giffords​: Be bold, be courageous, be your best. Madeleine Albright: Real leadership...comes from realizing that the time has come to move beyond waiting to doing. Babe Ruth: Dont let the fear of striking out hold you back. Seneca: Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity. Anna Quindlen: Don’t ever confuse the two:  your life and your work. The second is only part of the first. Thomas Jefferson: He who knows best knows how little he knows. Dolly Parton: If you want the rainbow, you gotta put up with the rain. Francis David: We need not think alike to love alike.​ John Quincy Adams: If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader. Maya Angelou: People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.   Malcolm X: If you dont stand for something, youll fall for anything. Hillary Clinton: Every moment wasted looking back keeps us from moving forward. Thomas A. Edison: Many of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Katie Couric: You cant please everyone, and you cant make everyone like you. Jon Bon Jovi: Miracles happen every day. Change your perception of what a miracle is and youll see them all around you.​ Eleanor Roosevelt: Do one thing every day that scares you.   Tina Fey: There are no mistakes, only opportunities. Francis Bacon: A prudent question is one half of wisdom.​ Sheryl Sandberg: If youre offered a seat on a rocket ship, dont ask what seat! Just get on. Eleanor Roosevelt: Remember, no one can make you feel inferior without your consent. Florence Nightingale: I attribute my success to this: I never gave or took any excuse. Edwin Land: Creativity is the sudden cessation of stupidity. Maya Angelou: You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. Mahatma Gandhi: â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world.†Ã‚   Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching: When I let go of who I am, I become what I might be. Rosa Parks​: When ones mind is made up, this diminishes fear. Henry Ford: Whether you think you can or you think you can’t, you’re right. Gloria Steinem: Dreaming, after all, is a form of planning.​​​ Christopher Reeve: Once you choose hope, anythings possible. Kate Winslet: Life is short, and it is here to be lived. Mahatma Gandhi: â€Å"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.†Ã‚   Alice Walker: The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don’t have any. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching: Great acts are made up of small deeds. Amelia Earhart: The most difficult thing is the decision to act. The rest is merely tenacity. Ellen DeGeneres: Sometimes you cant see yourself clearly until you see yourself through the eyes of others.   Walt Disney: All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.

Credit crunch between 2007 - 2009 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Credit crunch between 2007 - 2009 - Essay Example Credit crunches are usually considered to be the predecessor of recessions. A credit crunch makes it almost impossible for business organisations to borrow as lenders are scared of insolvencies or defaults, which produce in high interest rates. The outcome of such scenario is extended slow recovery resulting from the supply of credit having shrunk (Duca & et. al., 2010). Credit crunch was caused in 2006 when the housing market crumpled. At the time of credit crunch, a certain numbers of the mortgages were intended for a division of the market, specifically subprime mortgages, their designed interest payment rates involving to refinance them within undersized phase were tried to be launched to avoid hikes in the mortgage rates. The mortgage refinancing demonstrates the fact that the prices related to housing market would likely to increase. Thus, the disintegration in the housing market defines a flow of the future non-payments in the subprime areas (Acharya & et. al, 2009). The finan cial crisis of 2007 initiated in the subprime mortgage industry in the United States. Apart from being restricted to the real estate market, the effects of the subprime fall down spread throughout the US economy as well as the global markets. The impact has been mainly severe on the financial industry, as numerous investment banks had a short but wide records of utilising Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) as a way to spread risk and free up other capitals (IESE Business School, 2009). The households and the institutions such as pension funds along with life insurance companies and mutual funds are the ultimate lenders investing in support of households. It is worth mentioning that certain credit will be offered to the borrowers directly from the lender, as is the case with municipal bonds and corporate bonds as well as treasury securities. The vastness of the credit financing intermediated in the economy through the banking system, deduced broadly. It is quite significant to comprehe nd the operation of financial intermediation as well as a way in which the emergence of banking system took place since the past few years. It is also vital to recognise the global financial crisis that took place in the year 2007 and thus generate standards such as short-term and long-term crisis management standards so that a flexible financial system can be generated (Adrian & Shin, 2010). The main objective in this study is to illustrate the economic impact on the US that have taken place due to the credit crunch, economic crisis and to reassess the measures that have been taken by the authorities to address the crucial issues that have generated those events. Economic Impact of Credit Crunch in the US There has been a certain significant economic impact of the credit crunch in the period of 2007-2009 in the US which coincided with the global recession. The economic impacts have been discussed below: Housing Bubble: The bursting of the housing bubble in the US affected banks to write down large losses that had been extremely amplified and also created a large number of confusions in the financial markets, and also resulted in the defaults, the liquidity dry ups, the bailouts of banks and financial institutions. As consistent flow of financing is an absolute obligation for the economic system, the financial disruption caused a growing doubt about the macroeconomic position, a wide-ranging increase in risk aversion and a strong deterioration in the actual economy, with unfavourable

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Economics - Essay Example The insurance company works this ways: â€Å"The insurance company collects premiums from policy holders, invests the money (usually in low risk investments), and then reimburses this money once the person passes away or the policy matures† (Investopedia ULC). â€Å"In the U.S., the  Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 legislated that banks, brokerages, insurance firms and other types of financial institutions can join together to offer their customers a more complete range of services† and this has lead to a lot of mergers and acquisition† (Investopedia ULC). The Life Insurance Business of Prudential operates under the umbrella organization Prudential Financial Inc which is listed under the New York Stock Exchange. Prudential Financial Inc started with the life insurance and asset management business with a clientele of approximately 50 million individuals (Prudential Financial Inc, 2009). Its insurance business covers life insurance, annuities, long-term care insurance and Auto, Home, RV, Watercraft and Personal Liability Insurance. Prudential life insurance creates value through offering wide range of insurance that fits each individual. The delivery of insurance is designed to fit the specific need of the person. Examples of these are the varieties of life insurance of Prudential Life such as for wealth preservation and long-term death benefit. The company has its office in New Jersey and other states all-over the country. There are several factors that can affect the demand. Normally, textbooks would mention prices, income, taste, number of buyers, prices of related goods (whether substitute or complement) and expectations (whether on future prices or future income) (Mankiw, 1998). In this paper, we are going to discuss at least four – prices, income, number of buyers and expected future prices. Price change is the