Cyber Bullying Is Growing Rapidly Psychology Essay

Cyber Bullying Is Growing Rapidly Psychology EssayAlthough ballyrag has been around for centuries, it has only been in the past twenty years that inquiryers concord tried systematically to measure boss arounding (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008). In 2001, the first field of view of blusterous in the joined States was conducted with more than 15,000 students in grades 6 by 10 (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008 Nansel, et al., 2001). Tanya Nansel and her fel d feature(p) searchers found that, within a single shoal term, 17% of children and y kayoedh said they had been bullied sometimes or more often, and 19% had bullied early(a)s sometimes or more oftentimes and 6% said they had been bullied and had bullied others sometimes or more often. In 2005, David Finkelhor and his colleagues conducted telephone interviews with children and p arnts, and found that 25% had been titillated or emotionally bullied during the previous year (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008 Finkelhor, Or mrod, Turner, Hamby, 2005). The interrogationers estimated that 13.7 million children and youth were physically bullied and 15.7 million were teased or emotionally bullied each year in the U.S.(Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008). The massacre at aquilege High tutor in 1999 seems to baffle been pivotal in foc utilize watchfulness on blusterous in the United States. Although the specific motivations for this (or other crop strokes) whitethorn never be fully understood, retrospective accounts in the popular weight-lift and in the research literature pointed to hectoring as a contri exactlying factor in more of these crimes (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008 Limber, 2006 Fein, et al., 2002). A search of the Lexis/Nexis database exploitation the search terms blusterous and nurtures demonst rank how much inculcate attention to school ballyrag has changed in late(a) years within the United States. In 1998, the year prior to the Columbine shootings, school blusterous was in the headlines of Ameri dejection pertlyspapers, magazines, and other popular squash periodicals 145 times. The following year, the number of articles on school push around doubled, and, in 2001, shot to more than 750. There has similarly been an increase in attention to browbeat among researchers since that time. In a search of the Psych Info database using bully or intimidate as search terms, in that respect were only five dollar bill publications in 1990. By 2000, the number increased to 94. In 2004, there were near 250 such publications. Cyber determent wasnt even an issue in the 1990s. However, with advances in technology, children argon now exposed to a new get to of bullying cyber bullying (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008). Cyber bullying occurs only surrounded by minors. If an freehanded is involved, the behavior is labeled cyber molestation or cyber stalking (Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008).Much of the attention in the popular press and professional li terature has foc ingestiond on sexual predators that seek out their dupes finished online venues such as Facebook and Myspace. The same can non be said of cyber bullying. significantly less attention popular, academic, and/or legal has been devoted to the topic of cyber or electronic bullying. The reality, however, is that the majority of children atomic number 18 more equivalently to be targeted by a soulfulness who cyber bullies than by a stranger they wipe out met on the Internet who is trying to arrange an killline meeting(Kowalski, Limber, Agatston, 2008).In 2005, it was estimated that 17 million adolescents of age(p) 12 to 17 mapping the internet, and 74 pctage of teens IM (Lisante, 2005 TEXAS STUDY, 2009). Today, 87% of U.S. teens physical exertion email and 93% wont the internet (Jacobs, 2010).WHAT TYPES OF CB ARE OCCURING THE MOST?Although conventional bullying is still more common, cyber bullying is increasing rapidly. Cyber bullying may occur through pho ne calls, text messaging, email, picture and video clips, split second messaging, web sites, and chat rooms. The number of people who own a jail cellphone phone is on the rise. There argon a number of ways that cell phones can be used in bullying. Cell phones argon a popular device used to cyber bully because unlike data processors, cell phones are typically left on when not in use. When someone is done using a computer, they more often than not shut it off. Cell phones, however, are left on all hours of the day. The fact that cell phones are portable allows the bully to make contact with the dupe throughout the day. Cyber bullies may use text messaging to attack their victim or they may use digital photos. umpteen bullies will call and leave abusive messages for the victim similarly. Since most cell phones cook a built in camera, it is blue for the bully to use photos as another constitute of bullying. Bullies may transfix their victims changing in a locker room or usi ng the bathroom. They can then disseminate these photos to others to embarrass their victim. Another form of bullying is called happy slapping. Happy slapping typically occurs when embarrassing images of someone are caught on a camera or on a camera phone. Many times, the person is not aware that they are creation recorded. In many instances, these recordings may be set up and planned out. In April 2008, the flogging of a 16-year-old girl was videotaped by other female students. The incident sparked despoil after the bullies posted the video on MySpace and YouTube. The victim suffered a concussion, suffering to her eye and ear, and numerous bruises. Eight girls fontd charges of felony battery and false fetter for the attack on a fellow teen. This event sparked national appall brought to light the importance of educating youth on teen bullying. Cyber bullying also occurs regularly in chat rooms. Most victims of cyber bullying say horror occurs in chat rooms, where people who are in the room rouse and receive messages, called chatting. People inside chat rooms generally use classify names, or nicknames, and all the screen names of people in the chat room are listed on each users screen. A person can read messages from others in the chat room, and type and send his or her message as a reply. What someone types instantly appears on the screen as part of the chat (Breguet, 2010). Another form of cyber bullying that can occur is by exclusion. If a person is intentionally left off of a buddy list, in order to pretend their feelings hurt, then they pass water been cyber bullied. These chat rooms not only exist on the computer, but in video gaming as well. It can be surd for adolescents to separate their character from themselves. Bullies who cheat and gang up on other gamers are called griefers (Bailey, 2010). Like traditional bullying, minor forms of cyber bullying include cosmos ignored, disrespected, picked on, or otherwise hassled. The more debasing forms involve the spreading of rumors active someone, stalking or physically threatening another person through some medium or method of electronic communications (Hinduja Patchin, 2010). to a greater extent indirect forms of cyber bullying include disseminating denigrating materials or sensitive own(prenominal) datarmation or impersonating someone to cause harm (Willard, 2007).Add info on social profitsingWHICH ADOLESCENTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE VICTIMS OF CB? quintette signs that indicate a student is being cyber bullied are as followsChanges in mood or demeanor after being onlineAvoids talking somewhat school, friends, or what they do onlineHas crying, anxiety, or depression episodes, especially after using the computer or cell phoneMakes excuses not to go to schoolWithdraws from friends or usual activities (Tiano, 2008 Borgia Myers, 2010).The highest numbers of incidences of bullying occur at the diaphragm school level. Bullying can inauguration with children in elementa ry school. By the time students reach middle school, the bullying becomes more physical. Boys and girls typically bully in different ways. Boys usually push, shove, and hit. Girls on the other hand, usually start rumors or exclude girls from being a part of their social network of friends.A series of studies found that the chance of being a victim of cyber bullying increases as youngsters grow older (Kowalski and Limber, 2007 Patchin and Hinduja, 2006). Other studies found reject cyber bullying rates for students 15-18 years old than for students 12-15 years old (Slonje Smith, 2007). quiesce other studies found no relationship between age and being the victim of cyber bullying (Vandebosch Van Cleemput, 2009 Smith et al., 2006).Cyber bullying is occurring less frequently than traditional bullying and most cyber bullying is occurring outside of the school environs (Smith, Mahdavi, Carvalho, Fisher, Russell, Tippett, 2008). However, it is the responsibility of the school district to provide a learning environs that is in a safe environment. Studies show that 85% of high school students spend at least an hour a day on the internet. Many of the shows that teenagers are watching on television at wickedness are reality shows. There is a lot of fighting and literal confrontations that occur during these shows. It is desired that confrontations keep the audience entertained and wanting more.ARE F2F BULLIES generally CBs ALSO?Researchers who investigate online behavior recognized that people engage in activities online that they would not be as inclined to engage in if they were in the real world. Researchers use the term disinhibition to describe this phenomenon (Willard, 2007).There are several(prenominal) reasons why a bully may choose the internet to tantalize a victim. Cyber bullying can be done anonymously, with little effort, and the bullying can be carried out repeatedly and at a genial time for the bully. One of the most great reasons a bully torme nts online is because there is a constant, captive audience to witness his or her handiwork and the victims sphacelus (Breguet, 2010).Males are more apt(predicate) to be traditional grammatical construction to face bullies. Females, on the other hand, are more involved with cyber bullying. This could be collectible to the indirectness that cyber bullying plays a role in. Since females generally do not like confrontation, they are more like to participate in a form of bullying in which they do not necessitate to face their victim. Cyber bullying allows the female students the opportunity to bully without confronting their victim. In accordance with the relationship between age and being a cyber bully, no clear tendencies could be discarded. Since cyber bullying can be anonymous, a bully can victimize someone much older or much younger than themselves. In 2006, Megan Meier act suicide at the age of thirteen. Megan killed herself after receiving cruel messages on MySpace from who she believed was a 16-year-old boy named Josh Evans. Joshs identity was actually created by Lori Drew. Drew was the grow of a former friend of Megans...Many individuals who bully have issues compulsory their anger, come from violent shells or neighborhoods, have overly authoritarian parents, or may be acting out because of other problems at home (Goodstein, 2007). Some bullies may have poor social skills and trouble adapting to new or overwhelming situations (Goodstein, 2007). As a result of being bullied, many victims in plication begin to bully individuals who are younger or weaker than themselves.Many kids try to be period of playny as an attempt to be cool while at school. Making fun or ridiculing others is sometimes considered funny. So as an attempt to be cool, bullying may occur.Bullies are not always the friendless, mean loners many people assume them to be. Bullies actually can be quite popular. Many times, they are very machine-accessible to school life through ath letics, academics, or other extracurricular activities. Bullies generally are sozzled, confident, and aggressive, much more so than their victims, who, by comparison, tend to be weak, timid, and nonassertive (Bolton Graeve, 20). Some cyber bullies are angry loners or misfits, sometimes pursuit revenge for having been bullied themselves. Experts say it is common for online abusers to be popular students with plenty of self-consciousness who are trying to strengthen their place in the social hierarchy. They do it by intimidating those they perceive to have less status (Billitteri, 2008). Its not really the schoolyard thug character. Its the in-crowd kids bullying those who dont rank high enough, says Nancy Willard, executive theatre director of the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use (Billitteri, 2008). Mark Weiss, facts of life director of Operation Respect, says, I think the culture is angrier. He went on to say, The things on TV, the laugh tracks of situation comedie s, its all about making fun of each other and putting each other down, and reality TV is all about humiliation(Billitteri, 2008).WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS FELT BY THE VICTIMS OF CB?Although cyber bullying is occurring most frequently at home and not at school, it affects students at school. Even when its off campus, the impact is coming to school in the form of young people who have been so tormented they are incompetent of coming to school to study, which leads to slashouts ,fights, violent altercations and suicide, said Nancy Willard, a former lawyer and former teacher of at-risk children (Billitteri, 2008). Patchin and Hinduja (2006) found that 42.5 percent of the cyber bully victims were frustrated, or so 40 percent felt angry, and about 27 percent felt disturbing (Vandebosch Van Cleemput, 2009).One teenager said, It makes me hurt both physically and psychically. It scares me and takes onward all my confidence. It makes me feel sick and worthless (Hinduja Patchin 1). Victims w ho experience cyber bullying also reveal that they were afraid or embarrassed to go to school. In addition, research has revealed a link between cyber bullying and low self-esteem, family problems, academic problems, school violence, and delinquent behavior. Cyber bullied youth also report having suicidal thoughts, and there have been a number of examples in the United States where youth who were victimized terminate up taking their own lives (Hinduja Patchin 1). Even though suicide rates have decreased 28.5 percent among young people in juvenile years, upward trends were identified in the 10- to 19-year-old age group (Hinduja Patchin 2 positively charged others). Youth who are bullied, or bully others, are at an noble-minded risk for suicidal thoughts, attempts, and completed suicides. The reality of these links has been strengthened through research showing how experience with peer harassment (most often as a target but also a perpetrator) contributes to depression, decrease d self-worth, hopelessness, and loneliness-all of which are precursors to suicidal thoughts and behavior (Hinduja Patchin 2 plus others). In a research conducted by Hinduja Patchin (2010), cyber bullying victims reported that they were almost twice as likely to have attempted suicide compared to youth who had not experienced cyber bullying. tralatitious bullying and victimization have also been linked to loneliness, peer rejection, low self-esteem, poor mental health, and other psychological and physiological ailments among youthful populations (Hinduja Patchin, 2010 twist Bigbee, 1998 Forero, McLellan, Rissel et al., 1999 Hershberger DAugelli, 1995 Mills, Guctin, Lynch et al., 2004 Prinstein, Boegers,, Spirito, Little et al., 2000 Prinstein, Boegers, Vemberg, 2001 Rigby Slee, 1993 Salmon, James, Smith, 1998). After considering the extent research on bullying and suicidal ideation, it can be said with confidence that a strong relationship exists (Hinduja Pachin, 2010 Balr y Winkel, 2003 Kim, Koh, Leventhal, 2005 Mills, Guerin, Lynch, et al., 2004 Roland, 2002 Seals Young, 2003).The research on cyber bullying flourished following the school shooting at Columbine High School. Research from the Secret Service and the United States Department of Education on thirty-seven school shootings, including Columbine, found that almost 75 percent of the shooters felt bullied, threatened, attacked, or injured by other. some(prenominal) shooters also reported experiencing long-term and severe bullying and harassment from their peers (Goodstein, 2007). gibe to Goodstein (2007), victims of bullying usually miss more school, have higher dropout rates, and have problems concentrating on their schoolwork. They also tend to show higher levels of insecurity, anxiety, depression, loneliness, unhappiness, physical and mental symptoms and low self-esteem. The consequences of being cyber bullied quickly creep into the classroom where the students eventually face the damag e to their psyches or their reputations(Borgia Myers, 2010).Children have always been encouraged to not click tell. Once these children are bullied, many withhold the experience they are way out through as a result of what they have been taught. Parry Aftab, of wiredsafety.org, says 45,000 students-85 percent to 97 percent of her audiences-reported having been victims of cyber bullying in 2007. Yet, only 5 percent will tell a trusted parent or adult (Billitteri, 2008). Another reason many victims do not report that they have been bullied is because they worry that the problem will escalate. An 11-year old from Michigan said, She kept texting me so many mean things that I wanted to throw my phone against the wall. I told my mom and she called her. After that the mean girls texted me, wow you cant fight your own battles (Billitteri, 2008)Although online comments have the potential to spread at a much meteoric rate than conversations in a school hallway, dealing with it could possi bly be easier. Teens have the capability of ignoring the comments online by merely turning off the computer and not reading them. Since comments were made online, the victim is able to print the comments to turn them over to the local police unit. Victims can also report incidences to their ISP. School districts and parents need to make themselves responsible for educating youth on cyber bullying. Since most cyber bullying occurs away from school, parents may attempt to protect the bully by reason that they have the freedom of speech to express their thoughts aloud.Conclusion It is very important as parents to monitor childrens online activity. Parents should be aware of social networking sites that their children participate in. It is captious to educate children about the proper language that should be used online. Experts believe that cyber bullying is going to worsen because most bullies enjoy the idea that they have a large audience witnessing their attacks on the victims. As the price of computers continues to drop and as internet use gets faster, cheaper, and more far-reaching, it only makes experts believe that cyber bullying will continue to grow. Therefore, it is critical for parents to talk to their children about the impact of cyber bullying on youth. When kids are confronted about being a cyber bully, many of the kids suffice that they didnt know that they were actually hurting the other person. Since many cyber bullies do not face their victims, it is difficult to witness the effects that the bullying is having on the victims.