Bachelor Of Business In Tourism Management Tourism Essay

Bachelor Of Business In tourism vigilance Tourism EssayThe objective of this project is providing an evaluation of sustainability in Changi drome. By concentrate destination 3, a lot of discussion and analysis check been do to examine Changi piece of cakedromes sustainability. The project comprises 4 main(prenominal) comp superstarnts include the description of Changi aerodrome, credit and discussion of sustainability criteria, analysis of potential impacts and recommended be after tool.MethodologyThe project takes entire advantage of using qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data for the sustainable indicators and support for its arguments. Particularly, to qualitative method, a lot of site observations, evident pictures and interviews with pertinent personal include face-to-face communication and email were conducted to examine Changi Airports sustainability (Hair et al. 2003, p.74).Feinstein doubting Thomas (2002) determined that quantitative method is t he adoption from a range of mathematical and statistical techniques roled to analyze data and info. The qualitative method was employ to obtain information through Changi Airport website, relevant journal articles and books from both(prenominal) online sources and the National Library capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore.Description of Changi AirportSingapore Changi Airport has of all time been kn hold as the best airdrome in the world (Changi Airport base (CAG) 2010). Their record has been prospered through a lot of matchless- course of study worldwide awards much(prenominal) as 2010 Best leafy vegetable avail provider Airport, 2009 Asias contributeing(a) Airport, 2008 Worlds Leading Eco-friendly Airport, 2007 Worlds Leading Airport, etc (CAG 2010).Establishing from 1981, Changi Airport is centrally located in the South East Asian region and is managed by the Civil zephyr Authority of Singapore (CAAS) (Caudle 1996). The airport breeds more than 80 airlines operating 5,100 periodical scheduled courses flying to astir(predicate) 200 cities in 60 countries (Hui unhinged2003). These better-looking numbers of airlines operations al downcast the airport crap more than 5,000 arrivals and departures all week and over 37 million riders a year (Hui Wan 2003).Changi Airport Terminal 3 opened on 9 January 2008. This S$1.75 billion rod comprises 380000 squ ar meter of space and prat handle about 22 million passengers a year (NEWASIA Singapore 2010). The crown of the main terminal building is designed with 919 skylights that automatically adjust to sunshine and fill soft natural light into the inside of the terminal (NEWASIA Singapore 2010).Terminal 3 consists of seven storeys (4 take aims above ground and 3 levels to a lower place ground) which argon considered as a small city with many operate and amenities (NEWASIA Singapore 2010). thither is a floor-to-ceiling viewing gallery on the fourth floor which allows visito rs to enjoy watching the control tower, plane farce comedy and land. Natural yardery is the main theme of the terminals architectural design (NEWASIA Singapore 2010). The green wall, a 5-storey tall and 300 meter long good garden is real good evidence with 4 weeweefalls, layers of tropical leafing and sculptured sandstone art walls at the arrival hall (NEWASIA Singapore 2010). designation and Discussion of Sustainability CriteriaSustainability Criteria is known as the specific criterions which organizations follow to achieve their purposes of minimizing at the lowest level of disconfirming impacts and balancing the triple bottom lines (Swarbrooke 1999). To be known as a green destination, Changi Airport has put a lot of efforts to obtain sustainability in many ways.(The table of sustainability indicators flock discover to Appendix 1)environmental IndicatorsWater ManagementTo Changi Airport, water focus is substantially important to suppress as oft as accomplishable water consumption and the quantity of water that takes from suppliers. They atomic number 18 quite happy to hold Rainwater Harvesting system that allows them to collect storm water for irrigating plants at Changi Airport Nursery and external landscape empyreans (CAG 2009).Besides, NEWater (recycled water) is using as the main water source in Changi Airport for multiply purposes such as irrigation, fire-fighting, sanitation and cooling purposes in place of potable water (CAG 2009).another(prenominal) efficiency practice in water conservation is installing encompassing point rate regulators for wash basins in selected areas of the airport to decrease water workout by 66% from 6 liters per minute to 2 liters per minute (CAG 2009). deglutition water is in any case conserved in term of installing taps with water saving devices such as on-off sensors (CAG 2009).One of the biggest sources of water habitude is from toilets, so that Change Airport Introducing low-flush toilets t hat recycled water (NEWater) being used for flushing (CAG 2009). life force ManagementThe airport has saved a lot of free energy from its initiatives to better energy efficiency. A typical practice is using natural luminosity in passenger areas by installing double glazed trash and solar shading devices (CAG 2009).These practices allow the nature light to get into the buildings musical composition minimizing heat gained from sunlight at the same time. From then on, it helps to decrease the requirement for artificial lighting and air conditioning. Inside the buildings, they also set up the efficient lighting system with motion sensors and sensor escalators and travellators (CAG 2009).The other practices include shutting down escalators and travellators at night and during off-peak hours, turning off marginal lighting during day time and looking for the best energy-efficient options when replacing their assets and equipments (CAG 2009).The almost unprecedented practice is inst alling a 250kWp photovoltaic system with solar panel modules which cover a rooftop area of about 2,500m. These panel modules kick in over 280,000 kWh/year, it is calculated to reduce more than 122,000kg of degree centigrade dioxide per year (CAG 2009). uncivilised ManagementThe upstanding melodic theme of sustainable reading has been developed precise efficiently by Changi Airport through reducing devour genesis and increasing the percentage of waste recycled.The airport has introduced a new notional design of recycling bins which actually depicted an enlarged bottle, a arouseful and a newspaper (CAG 2009). The purpose of these bins is trying to catch peoples attention and move on them to be more considerate and participate in recycle waste.With regards to reducing waste generation, the airports taxiway pavements are construed by recycled materials and recycled concrete is used to make roadways, drains, pavements and kerbs. Office refurbishments are also used drywall p artitions instead of mortar and bricks to diminish waste generation (CAG 2009).These results in cost savings through waste disposal and raw material costs.Noise ManagementEfficient to-do worry always challenges for aircraft operators all over the world. The activities such as re-fuelling, baggage loading, engine maintenance, unloading and re-provisioning of aircraft usually generate a lot of fraudulent scheme which screw affect directly to the nearby community.At Changi Airport, noise management is considered as a very important factor to minimize the possible negative impacts to the community. All airlines and civil aircraft operating in Singapore have to commit tomeet the noise standards stipulated by International Civil gentle wind Organization (ICAO)s guidelines on Balanced Approach to Noise (CAG 2009).Land use readying is conducted by the Urban Re suppuration Authority (URA), which zones land environ Changi Airport for residential use in accordance with international norms on noise levels. Noise studies are conducted regularly to update the noise contours rough Changi Airport. The results of these studies are shared with URA for future land-use planning (CAG 2009).Changi Airport also assigns runways to aircrafts to reduce air traffic and requires all aircraft that departing from Singapore to follow defined routes to evacuate flying directly overhead residential areas (CAG 2009). Besides, the airport conducts regular inspections to put forward noise level and detect any abnormal noise natural action (CAG 2009).With a better effort to reduce noise level, Changi Airport Group (2009) cooperates with Singapore Amalgamated Services Co-operative Organization (SASCO), the nearby airside agency to chequer that the impact of noise from their compounds is minimized especially from 12 a.m. to 06 a.m.Air entirely tone ControlTo Changi Airport, providing a good environment with best air tint is very important to protect their employees health and the topical anesthetic community. on that point are a lot of useful practices which allow them to minimize as much as possible the amount of carbon dioxide generating from airport vehicles, ground running game of aircraft, road traffic, food preparation and air conditioning.They only use crossing tractors to sort baggage within Terminal 3 (CAG 2009). The Sky fulminate system is also used efficiently to transport passengers who make inter-terminal flight connections among Terminal 1, 2 and 3 (CAG, 2009). The system has fit of seven post two each in Terminal 1 and 2, and three in Terminal 3. This uplifted-speed people mover system is powered by electricity and haves zero local emissions (CAG 2009).Moreover, the airport put their sustainable efforts in term of designing the airfield to maximize the number of rapid breathe out taxiways and connecting taxiways to limit congestion on the airfield (CAG 2009). This helps cutting down a lot of taxiing time of aircraft and reducing a la rge amount of engine emissions.another(prenominal) good practice which allows reducing a lot of carbon emissions from the airport is applying electronic car park system in 1,700 car park spaces and 130 motorcycle spaces (Changi Airport Singapore (CAS) 2010). With this helpful system, vehicles can quickly find the empty lots and decrease the big amount of carbon emissions from going around the car parks.The key highlight of terminal 3 is the Green Wall, five-storey high vertical garden. The garden is designed with four cascading waterfalls, a sculptured sandstone art wall and a lot of raise plants (Hui Wan 2003). This green practice help creating fresh air, cooling the automatic teller machine inside the building and saving a large amount of energy consumptions through air conditioners.Stress LevelChangi Airport is well-known as one of the best airports all over the world which serves more than 80 airlines operating 5,100 weekly scheduled flights flying to about 200 cities in 60 c ountries (Hui Wan2003). These big numbers of airlines operations allow the airport welcoming more than 5,000 arrivals and departures every week and over 37 million passengers a year (Hui Wan 2003).The whole airport is about 1,300 hectares with 870 hectares reclaimed from the ocean (670 hectares using seafill and 200 hectares using landfill) (CAS 2010). There are more than 230 retails and helping stores and about 100 food beverage establishments here (CAS 2010).Besides, terminal 3 has an yearbook handling capacity of 22 million passengers while the total handling capacity of Changi Airport is about 70 million passengers per year (CAS 2010).Social-ethnical IndicatorsEnvironmental EducationThere are many kinds of sustainable tuition which is conducted in Changi Airport through environmental exhibitions, campaigns, events, gallery and activities. Some remarkable activities that bring a lot of good green escort of Changi Airport areChangi Airport Group and IATA launched environmen tal exhibition surrounded by 2 February 2010 and 28 February 2010 to highlight strains commitment to the environment (Changi Airport Group IATA 2010).The airport practiced Earth Hour 2010 to raise environmental awareness among its stakeholders (CAS 2010).Changi Airport cooperates with National Museum of Singapore and Double A Ltd. to promote Making your own woodblock print with local icons campaign to use the paper wisely (CAS 2010). quantify of foreign ownershipThe full beneficial ownership of Changi Airport belongs to the government of Singapore.The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) isthe regulatory authority (Channel Newasia 2009). indoors CAAS, there are two entitiesOne is in charge in the regulator, promoter and developer of the aviation industry (Channel Newasia 2009).The corporatized entity is in charge to operate Changi Airport, the airport emergency services and exploit investment opportunities overseas (Channel Newasia 2009).Locals jobs created through tour ismChangi Airport is generating about 13,000 jobs for local community (CAS 2010).Baseline IndicatorsQuality ManagementChangi Airport is known as the worlds most awarded airport with over 350 awards included 28 won in 2009 and8 won as at May 2010 (CAG 2010). Some remarkable awards are2010 Best Green Service Provider Airport2009 Asias Leading Airport2008 Worlds Leading Airport2008 Worlds Leading Eco-friendly AirportPotential Impacts of Changi AirportTourism activities can cause a lot of impacts to the triple bottom lines included environment, economic and social-culture (Swarbrooke 1999). Changi Airport is well-known as an essential element in the aviation industry in particular and the whole tourism system (WTS) in general (Weaver Lawton 2010). Therefore, it cannot cut down both negative and positive impacts from its transportation service to local community.Environmental ImpactsThe good side of tourism victimisation in Changi Airport is promoting peoples sustainable awareness an d their responsibility in term of environmental conservation (Buckley 2000). There are also many cleaning programmes such as the moderately Energy Programme Office (CEPO) to protect the enchantingness and green image of the best worldwide eco-friendly airport (Singapore economical Development Board 2009). Besides, one of the best benefits which Changi Airport has created for the environment is promoting the cultivation of using renewable sources such as solar energy- 919 skylights, recycled water the NEWater, etc (Manson 2003).Together with the positive impact, there are also a lot of negative impacts which Changi Airport generates for the environment. Noise taint is, for many people, the most obvious form of pollution related generally to aircraft (Leiper, Braithwaite Witsel 2008). Besides, its impacts on climate change, peoples health and contributing in depleting the stratospheric ozone layer are the most serious problems (Refer to Appendix 2 for more detail).Social Impac tsThe development of tourism in Changi Airport has created more job opportunities and higher income to local residents. There are about 13,000 jobs are generated during last few eld (CAS 2010). It also results in the development of more and better shopping, transport, the countrys medical facilities, cultural and recreational facilities and communication facilities (Khan et al. 1990). Crowne Plaza Hotel with 5- star rate is a very good example of how good infrastructure has been improved because of tourism development in Changi Airport (CAG 2010). Besides, it can bring locals feeling of pride about their worlds best eco-friendly airport and sureness of keeping the airport clean and attractive (Khan et al. 1990). The image of Singapore as a clean and beautiful city is also emerged to attract more and more tourists (Khan et al. 1990).On the other hand, the development can cause vulnerability to the community. The difference in wealth amidst the locals and the tourists may result in the high number in medicate abuse, prostitution, and theft and crime rate especially with the setup of gambling facilities at the two integrated resorts (Khan et al. 1990). Many locals complained that they have to pay higher prices for near good and services as well we their rentals for offices and shops were addd because of tourism development (Khan et al. 1990). Obviously, there are a lot of buildings around the Changi Airport area such as 4 terminals, control tower, Crowne Plaza Hotel, etc. They allow definitely cause the visual impact at the end (Weaver Lawton 2010).Economic ImpactsThe significant effects of tourism development in Changi Airport expand on the high number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. There are more ten 13,000 job opportunities generated to cater passengers demand (CAG 2010). Another important benefit is generating indirect local revenue through the multiplier effect of money and jobs (Heng Low 1990). Due to the development of the aviatio n industry, it also cause the stimulation of backward linkages of the other industries, includes agriculture, fisheries and construction (Heng Low 1990). The full beneficial ownership of Changi Airport belongs to the government of Singapore thus, it limits the negative impacts from high leakage due to foreign ownership (Channel Newasia 2009). Besides, the strong demand for Singapore dollars due to tourism expansion is resulting in the growth of the price of Singapores bullion and exchange rate (Heng Low 1990).However, the high tourism dependence of Singapore economy in general and Changi Airport in particular can be a big problem. The uncontrollable outside forces such as natural disasters (Tsunami), SARS and economic crisis impart affect seriously to the whole economy of Singapore (Heng Low 1990).The aviation activities can cause a lot of problems however, there still are many offsets that can train to limit them at the lowest level. Changi Airport is a very successful repres entative for the aviation industry that owns a lot of initiatives to proportionateness its negative impacts to triple bottom lines (Refer to Appendix 1). Their efforts in sustainable development have been proved through a lot of honor awards such as the Green Mark Gold in October 2009, the inaugural Best Green Service Provider at the Annual Asian Freight and make out Chain Awards in 2010 (CAG 2009).Recommended Planning ToolAccording to Newsome, Moore and Dowling (2002), the best planning tool is one that provides an effective monitoring in the areas with effective outcome, enquire visitors and community and lead to sustainability of the resource. There are many tourism planning frameworks, but, the Visitor Impact Management Framework is the most equal one for Changi Airport (Refer to Appendix 3).Visitor Impact Management ( push) FrameworkTo Changi Airport, applying the zip planning framework to ensure visitor impacts at acceptable levels seems a good idea which allows them to e nhance visitors benefit and achieve their purpose in excellent service We are the best in our business (CAG 2010). ground on eight basic steps, the VIM framework can lead the managers not only focusing on reviewing existing data and management objectives, through selecting indicators and standards and using these to identify unacceptable impacts, but also aid them to indentify causes and appropriate management strategies (Newsome et al 2002).The purpose of steps1 and 2 is reviewing the organizations existing objectives, legislation, policies, pervious research and other data to identify problems. In these stages, Changi Airport can recognize the need for clear objectives (excellent service provider), better understanding the ask and wants from passengers and identify current problems within the process of organizing.The next steps (steps 3 and 4) are selecting key impact indicators and standards for the whole terminal 3. Noise management, air prime(prenominal) control and passeng er satisfaction seems to the best indicators that need to be highlighted for taking care of local community and passengers (Refer to Appendix 1). The following indicators such as waste management, energy consumption, water quality control and quality management go forth be also useful to providing excellent service in the aviation industry.After collecting enough data, the comparison between standards and existing conditions will necessary to examine whether it exceed the acceptable level or at that level. For instance, the desired standard for passenger satisfaction at Changi Airport was 94 % while passenger rates their satisfaction at lower or higher standard (CAG 2010). To maintain the service standard at a high level, monitoring programmers have been established with indisputable criteria. The purpose of this practice is making sure that they can win annual Best Worldwide Airport award (CAG 2010). Therefore, this award is used as a measuring method to ensure their standard of passenger satisfaction.If their actual satisfaction level is below the desired standard, the Changi Airport Group will take action to identify probable causes of decreasing in passenger satisfaction level (Step 6) (CAG 2010). Some possible problems might be low in service delivery, lack of initiative in operation, etc (Tian-Cole Cromption 2003).From then on, the suitable planning and strategies are provided and implemented to get over limitations and enhance in service delivery (Steps 7 and 8). The Be a Changi Millionaire Draw, which kicked off monthly from1 June 2010 to choose the most lucky passenger who shopped at Changi Airport, is a very good evidence (CAG 2010). This activity is a very creative idea to promote the airports products and its wonderful service at the same time. Through this activity, passengers will be very happy and their satisfaction level will increase at the end.Limitation of the reportThe report focuses mainly on Terminal 3 to collect data for the sustainab le indicators. Thus, the quality of information cool might not be representative for the whole Changi Airport included Terminal 1 and 2. Besides, there are some data and information cannot be gathered because the organization is outsourced its departments and some private information cannot be leaked out.The paper only mentions about environmental impact, one important helping in the triple bottom lines, thus, it is lack of convincing evidences to prove that the balance among triple bottom lines have been through with(p) in Changi Airport.ConclusionThe whole project provides a good understanding how Changi Airport can create its image and reputation as the best airport in the world. Especially, in term of sustainability, there are a lot of efforts have been done to take care of environment and local community. However, it cannot avoid the negative impacts which the aviation industrys member causes for the environment. These problems are able to offset by taking full advantages of using management frameworks and planning tool such as the VIM frameworks.With this research, it is obvious that Singapore Changi Airport is meritorious to be known as the best green airport all over the world. In the future, it can strongly believe that Changi Airport will be more conscious about the environment with more green planning and strategies to maintain its reputation as well as develop as a green icon of sustainability.